Exposure to PM2.5 Enhances the PI3K/AKT Signaling and Malignancy of ERα Expression-dependent Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

Atmospheric particulate matter(PM)2.5 is a major carcinogen and is associated with an increased risk of developing various cancers and pulmonary fibrous diseases[1-2].Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is the major type of lung cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates.Epidemiological studies report that the incidence of NSCLC,particularly adenocarcinoma,significantly differs with the gender[3].Female patients with NSCLC have unique epidemiologic characteristics,imaging profiles,clinical manifestations,and pathological characteristics[4].