客户地理距离对企业创新投入与创新产出影响研究

The Research on the Influence of Customer Geographic Distanceon Corporate Innovation Input and Output

地理差异产生需求差异,为满足不同需求的投入与产出客观上存在差异,企业因客户地理距离不同而产生的需求不同影响其创新投入及产出。笔者先以2007—2018年中国A股上市公司为样本,使用python获取企业前五大客户地理位置,运用OLS模型和泊松模型,实证分析了客户地理距离对企业创新投入及创新产出的影响之后,进一步将创新产出细分为实质性创新和策略性创新,并分别探究了客户地理距离对企业实质性创新和策略性创新产出的影响。研究发现,客户地理距离越远,企业的创新投入越多,但创新产出越少,且不论实质性创新抑或策略性创新,客户地理距离的增加均降低了企业创新产出。在此基础上,笔者按照企业融资约束程度、内部控制质量及所在省份的法制环境对样本进行分组,检验客户地理距离对企业创新产出影响的异质性,发现客户地理距离与企业创新产出的负相关关系仅见于融资约束程度较高、内部控制质量较低、所在省份法制环境较差的企业中。本研究从地理距离的视角考察了客户与企业创新的关系,研究成果丰富了客户集中度和文化多样性与企业创新关系的相关文献,为企业改进客户管理和提高创新产出提供了理论基础。

Customer demand is an important factor affecting corporate innovation.Customers in different regions often have different demands due to geographic variation.In order to meet different needs,there are objectively differences in input and output.In addition,corporate innovation input and output are affected by different demands due to different geographic distances of customers.Taking Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2018 as samples,we use python to obtain the top five customers'geographic locations,and we exploit both OLS model and Poisson model to empirically analyze the impact of customer geographic distance on corporate R&D investment and innovation output.In addition,we subdivide innovation into substantive innovation and strategic innovation to explore the role of customer geographic distance in corporate innovation output.Results show that the farther the customers are,the more the innovation input is,but the less the innovation output is.Regardless of the substantive innovation or strategic innovation,customer geographic distance always has adverse consequences.Further,we find that the negative correlation between customer geographic distance and corporate innovation output only appears in companies with high degree of financial constraint,poor quality of internal control and low index of its province's legal environment.This study investigates the relationship between customer and corporate innovation from the perspective of geographic distance,which could enrich the research on corporate innovation based on customer concentration and cultural diversity.Besides,findings of this paper might shed light on customer management and corporate innovation strategies.