山西煤下铝勘查开发主要问题及对策

Main Problems and Countermeasures of Exploration and Development of Coal under Aluminum in Shanxi

山西是我国的铝土矿大省,但浅部铝土矿资源的日益枯竭,煤下铝的勘查开发日益得到重视。本文在分析山西铝土矿已有资料和地质特征的基础上,详细分析山西煤下铝勘查和开发方面存在的困难与问题,发现山西煤下铝主要分布盂县-寿阳-左权一带以及孝义-阳泉曲、宁武-静乐和平陆以东地区。矿体厚度1~3 m,铝硅比5左右。一般以似层状为主,少数为透镜状和漏斗状。山西煤下铝的开发利用存在三方面的困难,一是煤下铝矿体赋存特征、成矿规律、资源量不清。二是煤、铝重矿业权重叠,缺乏统一的勘查规范和预算标准。三是煤下铝的水文地质条件和开采技术复杂。在煤矿的不同阶段,都应加强煤下铝的勘查。勘查阶段应充分利用测井资料与钻孔柱状图,圈定成矿有利区。勘探和补勘阶段要一孔多用,加大煤下铝土矿层的采样和控制程度。生产煤矿巷道掘进和采掘工作面布置时要统筹考虑煤下铝的开发利用。关闭煤矿应全面收集钻孔资料、水文、构造、瓦斯及采空区积水资料以及钻孔铝土矿化验资料,对矿井压覆铝土矿进行资源量计算,并根据开采和开发条件设计开发方案。

Shanxi is a large bauxite province in China,but the shallow bauxite resources are increasingly depleted,and the exploration and development of aluminum under the coal is receiving increasing attention.Based on the analysis of the existing data and geological characteristics of Shanxi bauxite,this paper analyzes in detail the difficulties and problems in the exploration and development of aluminum in Shanxi coal.It was found that the aluminum in Shanxi coal was mainly distributed in the Yuxian-Shouyang-Zuoquan area and the east of Xiaoyi-Yangquanqu,Ningwu-Jingle and Pinglu.The thickness of the ore body is about 1~3 m,and the aluminum-silicon ratio is about 5.Generally it is mainly lamellar,a few are lenticular and funnel-shaped.There are three difficulties in the development and utilization of Shanxi coal under aluminum.The first is the occurrence characteristics,mineralization regularity and unclear resources of the aluminum ore body under coal.Second,coal and aluminum heavy mining rights overlap,and there is a lack of unified exploration specifications and budget standards.Third,the hydrogeological conditions and mining technology of aluminum under coal are complicated.At different stages of a coal mine,the investigation of aluminum under coal should be strengthened.In the exploration stage,the logging data and borehole histograms should be fully used to delineate favorable metallogenic areas.The exploration and supplementary survey phase requires multiple holes and multiple uses to increase the sampling and control of the bauxite deposits under the coal.The development and utilization of aluminum under the coal must be considered in the production of the coal mine roadway driving and mining face layout.To close a coal mine,comprehensive collection of borehole data,hydrology,structure,water accumulation data in gas and goaf areas,and laboratory bauxite mineralization data should be conducted to calculate the amount of resources covered by the mine.And design development plans according to mining and development conditions.