江苏省优良食味粳稻的遗传与育种研究

Inheritance and breeding of japonica rice with good eating quality in Jiangsu province

为了培育适合在江苏种植的优良食味粳稻品种,以优良食味为主攻目标,对江苏省优质、抗病、高产粳稻品种的遗传基础开展了系统研究。通过关联分析,研究稻米蒸煮品质、营养品质与食味品质的关系,明确直链淀粉含量是影响食味品质的关键性状。直链淀粉含量为10%~14%的半糯米米饭表面光泽透亮、质地柔软、富有弹性,综合了糯米的柔软性和粳米的弹性,冷饭不硬,食味品质极佳,符合长三角地区人们喜食柔软香型粳米的口感需求。筛选出直链淀粉含量在10%左右、含有低直链淀粉含量基因Wx^(mp)的日本半糯粳稻品种“关东194”作为食味品质改良的核心种质。开发Wx^(mp)基因的分子标记,结合利用与抗病、高产相关基因紧密连锁的分子标记,开展优良食味、抗病、高产粳稻聚合育种。育成适合江苏省不同稻区种植的南粳46、南粳5055、南粳9108和南粳5718等优良食味粳稻系列新品种通过审定,形成了覆盖江苏省不同稻区的优良食味粳稻品种布局,累计推广面积超过533万公顷,有力地促进了江苏省及周边地区优质稻米产业的发展,为水稻产业供给侧结构调整,提质增效,保障粮食安全作出了重要贡献。

In order to develop a variety of japonica rice with good eating quality suitable for planting in Jiangsu Province,the genetic basis of high quality,disease resistance and high yield japonica rice varieties in Jiangsu Province was systematically studied.The relationship among different rice qualities of cooking,nutrition,and eating was studied by association analysis.It was clear that amylose content was the key factor affecting eating quality.The semi waxy rice with amylose content of 10%~14%has bright surface,soft texture,and elasticity,combining the softness of glutinous rice and the elasticity of japonica rice.The cold rice is not hard,and the taste is excellent.It meets the taste requirements of people in Yangtze River Delta region who like to eat soft fragrant japonica rice.The semi waxy japonica rice variety“Kantou 194”with a low expression of amylose content gene Wx^(mp)and an amylose content of about 10%was selected as the core germplasm for improving eating quality.Pyramiding breeding of japonica rice variety with good eating quality,disease resistance and high yield was carried out by examining the development of Wx^(mp)gene molecular markers and the use of closely linked molecular markers with disease resistance and high yield genes.A series of new japonica rice varieties with good taste such as Nanjing 46,Nanjing 5055,Nanjing 9108,and Nanjing 5718,suitable for different rice areas of Jiangsu Province,have been bred and approved by Jiangsu Provincial Variety Approval Committee.The layout of japonica rice varieties with good taste covering different rice areas in Jiangsu Province has been formed.These varieties have been planted with an accumulated area of more than 5.3 million hectares,which has effectively promoted the development of high quality rice industry in Jiangsu Province and its surrounding areas,and made important contributions to the structural adjustment of the supply side of rice industry,improving quality and efficiency,and ensuring food security.