番石榴果实生长发育和营养品质变化规律分析

Analysis on the Law of Psidium guajava L.Fruit Growth and Nutritional Quality

通过研究2个品种番石榴果实生长发育和营养品质的变化规律,为制定番石榴丰产优质栽培技术措施和品种推广提供参考依据。以福建省漳州市栽培的‘彩虹’和‘红宝石’2个品种的番石榴果实为试验材料。花谢后第1天,作为果实发育的起点,每7 d采样一次,直到果实成熟。测定果实单果质量、纵径、横径、果形指数、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、总糖和维生素C等指标。结果表明:‘彩虹’和‘红宝石’番石榴果实质量增长变化曲线十分相似,均表现为"快-慢-快"的双S型动态变化曲线,其质量增长过程可分为3个生长期:第1次膨大期、生长缓慢期和第2次膨大期;2个品种果实生长过程纵、横径的变化也分为3个生长时期,即2个生长高峰期和1个生长缓慢期,均表现为"快-慢-快"的双S型动态变化曲线,果实形状均由长椭圆形变为椭圆型;果实第2次膨大期(‘彩虹’为花后78~113 d,‘红宝石’为花后71~99 d)),2个品种果实的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、总糖和维生素C含量均随着时间延长而增加,但‘红宝石’果实的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和维生素C含量在整个过程中显著高于‘彩虹’。

The study of the changes of fruit growth and nutritional quality of two varieties of Psidium guajava L.would provide a reference for formulating high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques of Psidium guajava L.and the promotion of varieties.The fruits of varieties’Rainbow’and’Ruby’cultivated in Zhangzhou City,Fujian Province were used as the test materials.Samples were taken every 7 d until the fruit matured from the first day after flowering.Single fruit quality,fruit longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,fruit shape index,soluble solids,titratable acid,total sugar and vitamin C and other indicators were assayed.’Rainbow’and’Ruby’Psidium guajava L.The fruit mass growth curves of the varieties were very similar,which showing a"fast-slow-fast"double S-shaped dynamic change curve.The quality growth process could be divided into three growth periods,the first expansion period,growth slow period and the second expansion period.The change of longitudinal and transverse diameter in the whole growth process was also divided into three growth periods,two growth peak periods and one slow growth period,which was expressed as a"fast-slow-fast"double S-shaped dynamic change curve,and the shape of the fruit changed from oblong to elliptical.The second expansion of fruit(’Rainbow’78-113 d after flowering,’Ruby’71-99 d after flowering),the soluble solids,titratable acid,total sugar and vitamin C content of the two varieties increased with time.But the content of soluble solids,titratable acid and vitamin C of’Ruby’was significantly higher than that of’Rainbow’in the whole process.