云南保山喀斯特石漠化地区农田杂草种群组成与多样性特征

Population Composition and Diversity Features of Weed in Farmland of Karst Rocky Desertification Region of Baoshan,Yunnan,China

为了解云南保山喀斯特石漠化地区农田杂草种群组成及多样性特征,为当地的农田杂草的科学防治提供依据。在保山石漠化地区选择主要作物皇竹草(Pennisetum sinese Roxb)、核桃(Juglans regia L.)、烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)、玉米(Zea mays L.)进行农田杂草多样性调查。结果表明,该地区共有30科49种杂草,其中菊科(Compositae)和禾本科(Gramineae)杂草种类最多,发生频度最高的前10种杂草分别是:白花鬼针草(BidenspilosaL.var.radiata Sch.-Bip.)、牛膝菊(Galinsoga parviflora Cav.)、马唐[Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop.]、鸭跖草(Commelina communis)、金荞麦[Fagopyrum dibotrys(D.Don)Hara]、尼泊尔蓼(Polygonum nepalense Meisn.)、豨莶(Siegesbeckia orientalis L.)、牛筋草[Eleusine indica(L.)Gaertn.]、荷莲豆草(Drymaria diandra)、铁苋菜(Acalypha australis L.);生态位宽度值前10的杂草与发生频度最高的杂草种类一致。核桃地的杂草物种数最多,烟草地最少,样地Shannon(H)指数、均匀度平均数分别为2.83、0.64,农田两两间的Jaccard相异系数、Baray-Curtis距离系数最大的为核桃与烟草,烟草与玉米的Jaccard相异系数最小,距离系数最小的为核桃与玉米,其平均数分别是0.67、0.74,说明保山喀斯特石漠化地区农田杂草多样性高,应结合土壤气候、农事操作等科学防治杂草。

In order to understand the population composition and diversity features of weeds in farmland of karst rocky desertification region of Baoshan,Yunnan,and to provides a basis for the scientific control of local farmland weeds,a survey on the diversity of farmland weeds was carried out in the main crops(Pennisetum sinese Roxb,Juglans regia L.,Nicotiana tabacum L.and Zea mays L.)in the rocky desertification region of Baoshan.There were 49 species of weeds in 30 families in the region,of which Compositae and Gramineae weeds had the most species.The top ten weeds with the highest occurrence frequency were Bidens pilosa L.var.radiata Sch.-Bip.,Galinsoga parviflora Cav.,Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop.,Commelina communis,Fagopyrum dibotrys(D.Don)Hara,Polygonum nepalense Meisn.,Siegesbeckia orientalis L.,Eleusine indica(L.)Gaertn.,Drymaria diandra,Acalypha australis L..The top ten weeds in the niche breadth value were consistent with the most frequent weed species.Juglans regia L.fields had the largest number of weed species and Nicotiana tabacum L.fields the least.The average of Shannon(H)index and evenness of the plots was 2.83 and 0.64,respectively.The Jaccard dissimilarity coefficient and Baray-Curtis distance coefficient of Juglans regia L.and Nicotiana tabacum L.were the largest between the farmland.The smallest Jaccard dissimilarity coefficient was Nicotiana tabacum L.and Zea mays L.,the Baray-Curtis distance coefficient was Juglans regia L.and Zea mays L.,and the averages was 0.67 and 0.74,respectively.It shows that the diversity of weeds in the farmland of karst rocky desertification area of Baoshan is high,and the weed control should be combined with soil climate and agricultural operation scientific controls.