“家伙”的形成和词义演变机制——兼论“家伙什儿”的形成

The Mechanism of the Formation and Meaning Evolution of“Jiahuo”with Additional Reference to the Formation of“Jiahuoshir”

“家伙”作为语义较为泛化的指称性名词,经历了从“家活”到“家火”再到“家伙”的词汇化和词形演变。在语言使用过程中语义不断引申,最后具有了指物到指人的词汇义,而非从指人到指物。在词形和词义演变过程中,转喻、类推以及偏旁同化原则起到了关键作用。同时由于指称义的泛化,也为后来“一家伙”“好家伙”“这/那家伙”等“X家伙”的词汇化及语义虚化奠定基础。

As a noun with a general referential meaning,“Jiahuo”has experienced a process of lexicalization and form evolution from“Jiahuo2(家活)”through“Jiahuo3(家火)”to“Jiahuo(家伙)”.Its meaning is extended during frequent language use,and has obtained the lexical meaning of THING and then HUMAN,and not the vice versa.During this process,the principles of metonymy,analogy and assimilation of character components have played a key role.Meanwhile,as a result of the diversification of the referential meaning of Jiahuo,the structures containing“X jiahuo”,such as“yi jiahuo”“hao jiahuo”“zhe/na jiahuo”have laid a foundation for accessing lexicalization and even grammaticalization.