新型冠状病毒肺炎期间学龄前儿童屏幕暴露与心理健康

Investigation on screen time and psychosocial problems of preschoolers during the prevalence of COVID-19

目的:了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间学龄前儿童屏幕暴露、心理健康的现状,并探讨心理健康的影响因素,为日后突发公共卫生事件的干预提供依据。方法:于2020年3月27日-4月1日,采用问卷星的调查方式,由504名3~6岁儿童的家长在线填写一般资料、儿童屏幕暴露状况及长处与困难问卷(SDQ)。结果:儿童每天屏幕时间超过1h的比例为59.1%;情绪症状、品行问题、多动注意力不集中、同伴交往、亲社会行为、困难总分的异常检出率分别为10.3%、25.8%、19.0%、24.4%、11.1%、15.7%。单因素分析显示性别、家庭中孩子数量、是否近视在屏幕时间上存在统计学差异(χ^(2)=4.45,6.11,14.94;P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示每天屏幕时间超过1小时是学龄前儿童发生情绪、品行、多动、困难高风险的危险因素(OR=1.67,1.74,1.86,1.49;P<0.05);湖北地区是儿童发生多动高风险的危险因素(OR=2.09,P<0.05)。结论:新冠肺炎期间,学龄前儿童屏幕暴露时间较多,心理问题异常发生率较高。家庭、学校及社会应密切关注疫情下学龄前儿童的健康成长,尤其要关注屏幕时间较多、湖北地区的学龄前儿童,并及时采取干预措施,以促进儿童的身心健康发展。

Objective:To investigate the screen exposure status,the status and influencing factors of psychosocial problems in preschool children during the prevalence of COVID-19,so as to provide some implications for the intervention.Methods:A total of 504 caregivers of children aged 3-6 years were collected the demographic data,children’s screen time and The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)online from March 27 to April 1,2020.Results:The rates of screen time>1 h daily was 59.1%and the abnormal incidence of emotional symptoms,conduct problems,hyperactivity-inattention,peer relationship problems,prosocial behaviour and total difficulties score were 10.3%,25.8%,19.0%,24.4%,11.1%and 15.7%,respectively.Single-factor analysis showed that there were statistical differences in screen time among gender,the number of children in the family,and myopia(χ^(2)=4.45,6.11,14.94;P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that more than 1 hour of screen time per day was risk factor for high risk of emotional symptoms,conduct problems,hyperactivity-inattention,total difficulties score(OR=1.67,1.74,1.86,1.49;P<0.05).Hubei region was a risk factor for high risk of hyperactivity-inattention(OR=2.09,P<0.05).Conclusion:During COVID-19 period,preschoolers have more screen time and the incidence of abnormal psychological problems is high.Families,schools,and society need to pay attention to the healthy development of preschoolers under the epidemic situation and take timely intervention measures.In particular,attention should be paid to more screen time and preschoolers in Hubei province,so as to improve the physical and mental health of children.