任务难度、人格特质在经期女大学生焦虑与注意稳定性间的双重调节作用

Dual roles of task difficulty and personalitytraits in regulating the effect of anxiety on attention stability of female college students during menstruation

目的:考察自然状态下的焦虑与诱发状态焦虑对注意稳定性的影响,并引入人格特质与任务难度作为调节变量,分别从内外两维度探究焦虑情绪对注意稳定性的影响。方法:使用SAS、EPQ量表,调查200名不同人格特质女大学生的经期焦虑现状并进行被试筛选,正式实验包括80名有效被试。之后,通过情绪视频诱发经期不焦虑女大学生的焦虑情绪,借助划消测验对比神经质高经期焦虑、神经质高经期不焦虑、神经质低经期不焦虑3组被试在不同难度任务条件下的注意稳定性差异情况。结果:神经质高经期焦虑(70人)、神经质高经期不焦虑(60人)和神经质低经期不焦虑(68人)组被试人数显著多于神经质低经期焦虑组被试的人数(2人)(χ^(2)=64.22,54.26,62.23;P<0.001);困难任务条件下,神经质高经期焦虑、神经质高诱发焦虑、神经质低诱发焦虑组被试的注意稳定性指数差异不显著(P>0.05),但简单任务条件下,神经质高诱发焦虑被试的注意稳定性指数显著高于神经质高经期焦虑以及神经质低诱发焦虑被试的注意稳定性指数(F=28.49,26.93;P<0.001)。结论:任务难度和人格特质在经期女大学生焦虑与注意稳定性间具有双重调节作用。

Objective:To examine the effects natural anxiety and induced anxiety on attention stability,and introduce personality traits and task difficulty as moderator variables to explore the effects of anxiety on attention stability from both internal and external dimensions.Methods:Firstly,200 female college students were investigated by Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.Eighty subjects were screened out to participant in the formal experiment.Then,the anxiety emotion of female college students who had no anxiety during menstruation were induced by anxiety video.And then,we compared the differences of attention stability of female college students with high-neuroticism and menstrual anxiety,high-neuroticism and induced anxiety,low-neuroticism and induced anxiety during menstruation by cancellation test.Results:The subject numbers of low-neuroticism and menstrual anxiety were significantly lower than the subject numbers of high-neuroticism and menstrual anxiety,high-neuroticism and no menstrual anxietyas well as low-neuroticism and no menstrual anxiety(χ^(2)=64.22,54.26,62.23;P<0.001).Under difficult task condition,the attention stability index was not significant among high-neuroticism and menstrual anxiety group,high-neuroticism-induced anxiety group,and low-neuroticism-induced anxiety group(P>0.05).While under simple task condition,the attention stability index of high-neuroticism-induced anxiety subjects were significantly higher than that of high-neuroticism and menstrual anxiety as well as low-neuroticism-induced anxiety groups(F=28.49,26.93,P<0.001).Conclusion:Task difficulty and personality traits play dual roles in regulating the effect of anxiety on attention stability of female college students during menstruation.