内观认知疗法提升医学研究生利他行为干预

Intervention study of Naikan cognitive therapy to improve the level of gratitude and altruistic behavior of medical postgraduates

目的:探究内观认知疗法对医学研究生感恩水平和利他行为的干预效果,为医学生职业道德教育提供符合心理学原理的新方法和参考。方法:根据筛选标准在天津医科大学选择60名被试,随机分成内观组(n=30)和对照组(n=30)。内观组接受为期6周,每周1次,每次2.5h的半集中式内观认知疗法干预,对照组自行阅读大学生守则,不做特殊处理。使用社会赞许性问卷(Social Desirability Questionnaire)、利他行为量表(Altruistic Behavior Scale)、大学生感戴量表(Gratitude Scale)和内观和谐认知问卷(Naikan Harmonious Cognition Questionnaire)对两组被试进行测验。结果:(1)经过6周的内观认知疗法干预,内观组在大学生感戴量表,利他行为量表及内观和谐认知问卷的后测得分均高于前测得分(t=-3.94,3.30,-5.49;P<0.01),对照组以上量表前后测得分差异均无统计学意义;(2)干预前,内观组以上量表评分与对照组得分差异均无统计学意义;(3)皮尔逊相关表明,内观和谐认知问卷的5个维度与大学生感戴量表对社会的感激维度均显著相关。结论:内观认知疗法可通过显著提升医学生感恩水平,促进利他行为。

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of Naikan cognitive therapy on gratitude and altruistic behavior of medical postgraduates,and to provide a new method and reference in line with psychological principles for professional ethics education of medical students.Methods:According to the selection criteria,60 students were selected from Tianjin Medical University and randomly divided into Naikan group(n=30)and control group(n=30).The Naikan group received 6 times(15 hours)semi-intensive Naikan cognitive therapy intervention for 6 weeks,while the control group did not receive special treatment.Before and after the intervention,the two groups were assessed by the Altruistic Behavior Scale(AB),Gratitude Scale(GRAT),Social Desirability Questionnaire(MCSD)and the Naikan Harmonious Cognition Questionnaire(NHCQ).Results:(1)After the intervention of Naikan cognitive therapy for 6 weeks,the scores of the Naikan group in Gratitude Scale,Altruistic Behavior scale and Naikan Harmony Cognition Questionnaire were all higher than those in the previous test(t=-3.94,3.30,-5.49;P<0.01).In the control group,there was no significant difference in the score before and after the above scale(P>0.05).(2)Before the intervention,there was no statistically significant difference between three scales in the Naikan group and the control group(P>0.05);(3)Pearson correlation showed that the five dimensions of the Naikan Harmony Cognition Questionnaire were significantly correlated with the dimension of gratitude to society of Gratitude Scale(P<0.01);Conclusion:Naikan cognitive therapy can significantly improve the medical students’level of gratitude and promote altruistic behavior.