1780例变态反应性皮肤病患者斑贴试验结果分析

Analysis of patch test results in 1780 patients with allergic dermatosis

目的分析1780例变态反应性皮肤病患者斑贴试验结果,为防治此类疾病提供依据。方法对2019年12月至2020月12月的1780例变态反应性皮肤病患者进行斑贴试验,分析过敏原的分布情况,并比较不同性别、年龄段、诊断及皮损分布范围的患者斑贴试验阳性率差异。结果1780例受检患者的总阳性率为93.43%。女性过敏原总阳性率明显高于男性(χ2=32.35,P<0.01)。排名前五的抗原分别为氯化钴、芳樟醇氢过氧化物、硫酸镍、卡巴混合物及纺织染料混合物,其中氯化钴(χ2=11.96,P<0.01)、芳樟醇氢过氧化物(χ2=103.72,P<0.01)及硫酸镍(χ2=71.93,P<0.01)的阳性率女性更高。皮损分布范围、患者年龄段及疾病种类对过敏原阳性率无明显影响。结论氯化钴、芳樟醇氢过氧化物、硫酸镍、卡巴混合物及纺织染料混合物为目前门诊患者主要的过敏原。女性患者斑贴试验总阳性率及其在氯化钴、芳樟醇氢过氧化物及硫酸镍的阳性率高于男性患者。

Objective To analyze the patch test results of 1780 patients with allergic dermatosis so as to provide basis for prevention and treatment of this kind of disease.Methods A total of 1780 patients with allergic skin disease from December 2019 to December 2020 were given patch test.The distribution of allergens was analyzed,and the difference in positive rate of patch test was compared among patients with different genders,age groups,diagnosis and skin lesion distribution range.Results The total positive rate of 1780 patients was 93.43%.The total positive rate of female allergen was significantly higher than that of male(χ2=32.35,P<0.01).The top five antigens were cobalt chloride,linalool hydroperoxide,nickel sulfate,Kappa mixture and textile dye mixture,among which the positive rate of cobalt chloride(χ2=11.96,P<0.01),linalool hydroperoxide(χ2=103.72,P<0.01)and nickel sulfate(χ2=71.93,P<0.01)was higher in women.There was no significant effect on the positive rate of allergen in the area of lesion distribution,patient age and disease type.Conclusion Cobalt chloride,linalool hydroperoxides,nickel sulfate,Kappa mixture and textile dye mixture are the main allergens of outpatients.The total positive rate of patch test and the positive rate of cobalt chloride,linalool hydroperoxides and nickel sulfate in female patients were higher than those in male patients.