寨卡病毒母婴传播及动物模型的研究进展

Research progress in mother-to-child transmission of Zika virus and animal models

寨卡病毒(Zika virus)是属于黄病毒科黄病毒属的一种虫媒病毒,可经过埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊叮咬传播,也可通过血液、泪液传播,以及性传播和母婴垂直传播。寨卡病毒一旦感染孕妇,就会有导致胎儿感染的可能。成人多出现一些较轻的临床症状,但胎儿更容易受到中枢神经系统的伤害,继而诱发小头畸形,重症脑部发育缺陷以及一些神经系统性炎症,因此,阻断寨卡病毒的传播及感染迫在眉睫。为了能够对寨卡病毒母婴传播途径有更全面的认识,研究其致病机理,并且找到有效的预防、检测和治疗方法,建立成功的动物模型极为关键。文章将对目前已有的寨卡病毒母婴传播在各种动物模型上的研究进展进行综合整理。

Zika virus is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family that is transmitted by the bites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus,by blood and tears,as well as by sexual and vertical mother-to-child transmission.Once a pregnant woman is infected,there is a risk of infection to the fetus.Adults may have some mild clinical symptoms,but fetuses are more vulnerable to central nervous system involvement,which can lead to microcephaly,severe brain defects,and neuroinflammation.Therefore,it is extremely urgent to block the spread and infection of Zika virus.To better understand the mother-to-child transmission route of Zika virus,to study the pathogenic mechanisms,and to discover effective prevention,detection and treatment method,the establishment of reliable animal models is crucial.In this paper,we review the recent progress in mother-to-child transmission of Zika virus in various animal models.