西北干旱区小流域水利现代化过程的初步思考——基于甘(肃)新(疆)地区若干样本的考察

A Preliminary Study of the Modernization Process of Water Conservancy Projects of Small River-basins in the Arid Area of Northwest China:A Sample Analysis of Gansu&Xinjiang

西北干旱区的众多独立小流域在明清时期已经发育出了较为完备的传统水利秩序,支持了其流域内的中小城镇及附属灌溉农业区的存在。本文以古浪县大靖河流域、景泰县大沙河流域和察布查尔县阿帕尔河流域为观察样本,叙述了其自明清、民国和新中国成立后水利秩序的发展过程,揭示了西北干旱区小流域传统水利社会的形成原因、演变轨迹和运作特点。指出西北小流域在水利制度上的封闭性导致其成为现代水利事业的阻碍。新中国成立后,正是在打破这一封闭性对流域内人口的制约和束缚之后,西北干旱区的农田水利事业才有了大的发展,实现了现代水利体系的构建。

Many drainage areas of independent small rivers in the arid area of northwest China had developed a relatively complete system of traditional water conservancy in the Ming and Qing dynasties,which supported the survival of small and mediumsized towns and the irrigation of their agricultural areas.This paper takes the Dajing River Basin in Gulang County,the Dasha River Basin in Jingtai County and the Apar River Basin in Chabuchar County as the research objects,discusses the development process of water conservancy in the periods of the Ming and Qing dynasties,the Republic of China and the People’s Republic of China,and reveals the causes of their formation and evolution as well as operation characteristics of such water conservancy projects.It also points out that its closure in the water conservancy system made it an obstacle to modern water conservancy projects.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China and through breaking the restriction of the closure on the population,the irrigation and water conservancy projects there have developed rapidly and realized the construction of a modern water conservancy system.