天然高分子化合物与聚乳酸复合材料进展

Progress in Natural Polymer/PLA Composite

在众多可降解材料中,聚乳酸是由生物质原料(木薯、甜菜、甘蔗等)经过微生物发酵而成的小分子乳酸聚合而成的绿色高分子,具有优异的降解性和生物相容性,可以制成纤维、薄膜、片材等,应用于服装、包装、农业、生物医药等领域中。然而,聚乳酸的韧性较差、脆性大、热变形温度低以及价格高等缺陷限制其进一步发展。聚乳酸与天然高分子化合物(纤维素、甲壳素、角蛋白、淀粉)共混制备的复合材料具有全生物降解的特性,并且性能优良,同时能降低产品的成本,受到研究人员的广泛关注。综述了近年来利用天然高分子化合物优势,通过协调与聚乳酸的界面相容性,开发不同应用领域中的复合材料的研究进展。随着人们的环保意识逐渐增强,未来以天然高分子和聚乳酸制成的全降解复合材料将具有广阔的市场前景。

Among many degradable materials,polylactic acid is a green polymer derived from biomass raw materials(cassava,sugarbeet,sugarcane,etc.).It has excellent degradability and good biocompatibility.It can be made into fibers,films,sheets and so on,which are widely used in many fields such as clothing,packaging,agriculture,biomedicine,etc.However,PLA has some defects,such as poor toughness,high brittleness and low deformation temperature,which limit its further development.The preparation of biodegradable composite materials by blending PLA with natural polymer(cellulose,chitin,keratin,starch)has attracted extensive attention.Because it not only maintains the characteristics of full biodegradation,but also has excellent performance.Meanwhile,it can reduce the cost of products.The progress of composite materials in different application fields,which developed by using the advantages of natural polymer compounds and coordinating the interfacial compatibility with polylactic acid,is reviewed.With the increasing awareness of environmental protection,it is believed that the fully degradable composite made of natural polymers and polylactic acid will have a broad market prospect in the future.