刑法机能构造及其运行

Functional Structure and Operation of Criminal Law

刑法机能是指刑法在运行中起到的积极作用。刑法具有规制、保护、保障三种机能,但是对各机能间的优先序列关系学界存在争议,争议的焦点在于保护机能与保障机能处于何种序列关系。关于二者之间的运行关系,目前存在平等关系论、相对优先论、动态调整论等多种观点。立足于风险社会背景,结合当前的社会需求以及实践中的具体操作来看,现阶段坚持保护机能相对优先的观点是更为适宜的。不论是基于何种观点考量,两者间关系都与机能的生成基础和发展过程密切相关,在演绎和发展的过程中势必会存在冲突。这种冲突并不是不可调和的,基于二者的互益性,可以在刑法法规与刑事政策的多方协力下予以协调,从而真正促成刑法机能的发挥。

The function of criminal law refers to positive role that criminal law plays in operations.Criminal law has three functions of regulation,protection and guarantee,but there is a controversy about the precedence sequence relation among the functions.The focus of controversy lies in the sequence relation between protective function and safeguard function.As for the operational relationship between the two,there are many views such as equal relation theory,relative priority theory and dynamic adjustment theory.Based on the background of risk society,combined with the current social needs and practice of specific operations,it is more appropriate to adhere to the view of making protection function a relative priority at the present stage.No matter from which point of view,the relationship between the two is closely related to the generative basis and development process of function,and there is bound to conflict in the process of deduction and development.This kind of conflict is not irreconcilable.Based on the mutual benefit between the two,it can be coordinated under the cooperation of criminal law regulations and criminal policy,so as to bring the function of criminal law into full play.