中国铅冶炼工业技术创新与应用实践

Industrial technological innovation and application practice oflead smelting in China

我国铅储量占世界铅资源总量的17.8%,约1580万t,却提供了全世界50%以上的铅产能,其中80%左右的铅被应用于蓄电池行业。铅生产和消费过程中会产生大量的铅基固废,而且锂电池技术的发展也给铅冶炼行业带来了巨大的危机和挑战。在当前铅矿过度开发、铅资源保证年限不足、铅矿资源依赖进口的环境下,研究开发出新的铅冶炼技术与铅基固废处理工艺,已经成为相关行业和企业亟需解决的难题。本文对近几年来我国铅冶炼工业技术创新与应用实践进行了阐述,指明现阶段原生矿铅冶炼与铅基固废等二次资源冶炼以直接熔池熔炼为主,未来一体化连续高效炼铅工艺、铅基固废等二次铅资源的回收利用工艺将成为趋势,全湿法炼铅技术期待得到进一步的发展。

China's lead reserves account for less than 20%of the world's total lead resources,about 15.8 million tons.More than 50%of the worlds lead production capacity is provided by China,About 80%of the lead is used in the battery industry.A large number of lead-based solid waste is produced in the lead production and consumption process.At the same time,the development of lithium battery technology also brings great crisis and challenge to lead smelting industry.Under the environment of over-exploitation of lead ore,insufficient guarantee life of lead resources and dependence on import of lead ore resources,it has become an urgent problem for related industries and enterprises to research and develop new lead smelting technology and lead-based solid waste treatment technology.The paper describes the technological innovation and application of lead smelting industry in China in recent years,indicating that At present,primary ore lead smelting and secondary resources smelting such as lead-based solid waste are dominated by direct bath smelting.In the future,the process of integrated continuous and high efficiency lead smelting,the recycling and utilization technology of secondary lead resources such as lead-based solid waste will become the trend.And the entirely hydrometallurgy technology of lead is expected to be further developed.