徽语体系下的徽州传统村落群研究

A Study on the Huizhou Traditional Village Groups in the Hui Dialect Area

聚族而居的徽州村落并不是一个个孤立的个体,它们会因为血缘关系、宗族意识、佃户制度等人文因素,以及山川河流、地域空间、承载条件等环境因素的影响而扩张、析出,其裂变与演进适应自然环境,并最终形成人、地、村和谐统一的、场所空间有序的村落集聚形态,即村落群。文章以徽语体系下的徽州传统村落群为研究对象,探讨方言区分布、地域构成和村落集群之间的关系,从中得出徽州传统村落群的发展演进、维系方式和空间结构原型,并分别从历史、现实和未来的角度,为建立基于徽州传统村落群保护与传承的自适应营造和可持续发展系统,提供一些具有创新和借鉴意义的补充。

A Huizhou traditional village with a traditional clanship social structure is not an isolated settlement.Under the influence of humanistic and environmental factors such as the villagers’ lineage,clan identity,agricultural tenant system,terrain,geographical space,and carrying capacity,the extension and multiplication of villages and inhabitants’ movement are closely associated with nature and respect for the environment.A village group refers to several villages gathering together under a specific spatial order and mutual sustaining relation,forming a harmonic whole of the people,the land,and the villages.Taking five groups of listed National Traditional Villages in the Hui dialect area as statistical samples,this study discusses the relationships between the dialect distribution,geographical composition,and village clusters,and identifies the evolution,relational model,and spatial structure prototypes of Huizhou traditional villages.Connecting the past,present,and future,the study concludes with suggestions for establishing an adaptive construction and sustainable development system for the conservation and inheritance of Huizhou’s traditional villages.