本体与符号——不可移动文化遗产的历史价值探源

Fabric versus Symbol:A Source Exploration of Historical Value Attributed to Immovable Cultural Heritage

不可移动文化遗产界长期以来将遗产的历史价值视为“一个”价值,但遗产的历史认知和历史意义事实上存在着两种来源,即遗产的物质本体和外在于本体的关联性历史符号。这两种来源的兴衰一直左右着遗产保护范畴和处理方式的演变。自现代的不可移动文化遗产保护思想诞生以来,两种来源间复杂的纠缠关系也是各种理论和做法争议的主因。面对最广泛的历史环境的保护需求和挑战,文章从历史认知、历史意义的来源和流向几个方面剖析了这“一个”历史价值,力图精确地说明各类遗产及其每个构成元素的历史价值的实质,期望能对防止理论认识混淆、理论与实践脱节有所帮助。

To interrogate the well-accepted perception that historical value of heritage has only ‘one’ source,this article identifies two sources for the historical cognition and interest of heritage:the physical fabric of heritage and the associative historical symbols external to physical fabric.The rise and fall of attention to these two sources have always determined heritage preservation scope and interventions.Their complex and intertwined relationship is also a primary source of academic and practical controversies since the modern preservation philosophy of immovable cultural heritage.Confronting the historic environment’s extensive preservation needs and challenges,this article dissects the ‘one’ historical value by interrogating the sources and orientations of historical cognition and interest.It attempts to explain the nature of the historical value of all heritage categories and their constituent elements.It clarifies the relevant theories and highlights the connection between theory and practice.