我国火力发电行业用耗水情况与节水潜力分析

Analysis of Water Use-consumption and Water-saving Potential of Thermal Power Industry in China

火力发电业用水量占工业总用水量的38%~40%,用水消耗量大,节水潜力较大。在阐述我国火力发电业发展现状与用水水平的基础上,分析该行业的用水效率与耗水情况,计算火力发电业节水潜力,并提出节水措施。我国火力发电业用水量呈先升后降的趋势,用水量的增加主要集中于南方和华东地区。近10年,我国火力发电业的用水效率大幅提高,火力发电业单位发电量的用水量由2010年的0.016m~3/(kW·h),下降到2019年的0.011m~3/(kW·h),约下降31%。整体而言,北方地区火力发电业的用水效率高于全国平均水平,尤其京、津、冀地区的火力发电业的用水效率远高于全国平均水平;循环冷却火力发电不同容量等级机组单位发电量的取水量均没有达到《重点工业行业用水效率指南》中的先进值,虽然该值满足取水定额标准要求,但大于《节水型企业火力发电行业》要求的值,甚至大于电力(燃煤发电企业)行业清洁生产评价指标体系的Ⅲ级基准值(国内清洁生产基本水平值),节水潜力巨大;直流冷却火力发电单位发电量的取水量值虽然接近《重点工业行业用水效率指南》中的先进值,但大于电力(燃煤发电企业)行业清洁生产评价指标体系的Ⅲ级基准值(国内清洁生产基本水平值),节水潜力较大;空气冷却火力发电业仅60万kW机组的用水效率达到国际先进水平,但不满足国内清洁生产先进水平的用水要求。我国火力发电行业取水量的节水潜力为7.4亿~16.0亿m~3。

The water use of thermal power industry accounts for about 38%~40%of the total water use of industrial,the large water consumption mean a huge water-saving potential.This paper firstly elaborated the development status and water consumption of the thermal power industry,then analyzed the water use efficiency and water consumption of thermal power industry.The water use of China’s thermal power industry tended to rise first and then fall.The increase of water use was mainly concentrated in the south and east China.By implementing a large number of water-saving measures,the water efficiency of thermal power plants was greatly improved in the last ten years.The water consumption of per unit power generation dropped from 0.016 m 3/(kW·h)in 2010 to 0.011 m 3/(kW·h)in 2019 with a about decrease of 31%.Overall,the water use efficiency in the north was higher than the national average value,especially in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Water withdrawal of per unit electricity generation of circulating cooling thermal power under various installed capacity did not reach the advanced value of national guidelines for water use efficiency in key industries.Although it met water quota,but was lower than the required value of the water-saving enterprise of thermal power generation industry,even was lower thanⅢbaseline level(domestic clean production of basic level)of the clean production evaluation index system in power industry(coal enterprises),the water saving potential was tremendous.Water withdrawal of unit generating capacity of direct-flow cooling power was close to the advanced value of national guidelines for water use efficiency in key industries,but still lower thanⅢbaseline level(domestic clean production of basic level)of the clean production evaluation index system in power industry(coal enterprises),the water saving potential was large.Only water withdrawal of unit generating capacity of air cooling thermal power with 600000 kW units reached the international advanced level,but it still did not meet the advanced level of the clean production evaluation index system in power industry(coal enterprises).The water-saving potential of national thermal power industry is 0.74 billion~1.60 billion m 3.