中国共产党民族理论语境下“中华民族”语义脉络

The Semantic Venation of“the Chinese Nation”in the Context of the Ethnic Theory of the Communist Party of China

“中华民族”是近代中国遭遇西方民族国家话语产生的概念。囿于其有过中华民国时期民族主义印记及其指涉的多层次复杂内涵,造成了当下人们对“中华民族”的理解大相径庭。中国共产党民族理论语境下的“中华民族”在李大钊“中华民国之人,皆为新中华民族”的萌发下,经历了中国共产党早期革命探索、长征时期革命实践和抗日战争时期各民族生死存亡的劫难,其内涵上(多数以“中国民族”概念出现)走了一条平行于民国时期“中华民族”的语义路线。1938年后“中华民族”概念被明确表达为“中华各(诸)民族”。中华人民共和国成立以后,中国共产党文献大多以“中国各民族”“中国各族人民”来表述中华民族。梳理中国共产党使用“中华民族”的概念史,结合费孝通中华民族多元一体格局理论来理解中国共产党的“中华民族”语义,既是中华民族共同体概念体系建设的基础,也是摆脱单一民族国家建构思维,形成中国特色解决民族问题正确道路的话语内容。

“The Chinese nation”is a concept that emerged from the discourse of the western nation-state in modern China.The multi-layered complex connotation of the nationalist imprint and its references during the Republic of China has caused a huge difference in people’s understanding of“the Chinese nation”.Having been germinated by Li Dazhao who held that“people of the Republic of China all belong to the new Chinese Nation”and gone through the early revolutionary exploration of the Communist Party of China,revolutionary practice during the Long March and the tribulation and survival of various ethnic groups during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,“the Chinese nation”in the Communist Party of China’s ethnic theory(mostly appearing as the concept of“the nation of China”)has taken a semantic line parallel to“the Chinese nation”during the Republic of China period.After 1938,the concept of“the Chinese nation”was clearly expressed as“the ethnic groups in China”.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,in most contexts,the Chinese nation were expressed in terms of“the ethnic groups in China”and“the Chinese people of all nationalities”.Sorting out CPC’s conceptual history of the Chinese nation and combining Fei Hsiao-tung’s theory of“the Pattern of Pluralistic Unity of the Chinese Nation”to understand CPC’s semantics of“the Chinese nation”not only provides the basis for the costruction for the conceptual system of the community for the Chinese nation,but also forms the discourse content of the correct path to solve ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics to get rid of a single nation building mindset.