提升社区动员能力:从个体到组织的多重嵌套体系

Enhancing the Ability of Community Mobilization:Multiple Nested Systems from Individuals to Organizations

基层社区作为社会治理的基本单元,是应对突发性公共安全问题与公共危机事件的主要承灾载体。实践过程中,社区防疫工作暴露出诸多短板,传统社区动员模式的不足尤为突出,集中表现为国家与社区间的“赋权”悖论、社区多元自治主体间的“联动”悖论、社区与居民间的“共同体”悖论。基于此,本文关注基层社区内部行动者与行动要素之间进行互动的内在机制,摆脱“对社区进行动员”的行政管控视角,从“由社区进行动员”这一自治视角出发,分析社区动员应该怎样实现“个体—组织”“组织—社区”“社区—国家”多重嵌套体系,冲破传统社区动员模式下的三重悖论,从而构建起个体、组织、社区与国家之间的良好互动关系。在此基础上,通过激活个体参与、社会资本嵌入、完善执行结构、确保国家在场等方式,增强社会资本与治理权力在主体间的流动,完善和优化基层社区动员。

As the basic unit of social governance,the grass-roots community is the main disaster carrier responding to sudden public safety issues and public crises.In the process of practice,the community epidemic prevention work has shown many shortcomings.The shortcomings of the traditional community mobilization model are particularly conspicuous,which are mainly manifested in the paradox of“empowerment”between the state and the community,the paradox of“linkage”between the multiple autonomous entities of the community,and the paradox of“community”between community and residents.Based on this,this article focuses on the internal mechanism of interaction between actors and action elements in the grass-roots community.In order to get rid of the administrative control perspective of“community mobilization”,it starts from the autonomous perspective of“community mobilization”and analyzes how community mobilization should be the way to realize the multiple nested systems of“individual-organization”,“organization-community”and“community-state”,thus breaking through the triple paradox of the traditional community mobilization model and building a good interactive relationship between individuals,organizations,communities and countries.Furthermore,activating individual participation,embedding social capital,improving the execution structure,ensuring the presence of the state,etc.can enhance the flow of social capital and governance power between subjects so as to optimize grass-roots community mobilization.