东亚视域下森林生态功能认知的近代化

The Modernization of Forest Ecological Function Cognition from the Perspective of East Asia

本文通过对于近代学术语境下森林生态功能认知的反思,描述了伴随着19世纪中期以来东亚社会的“近代化”,中国和日本对森林生态功能概念的认知、形成和发展过程。本文指出原有的传统森林生态功能认知体系存在自身的先进性,并逐渐与现代学术体系相融,形成了具有东亚特色的有益探索。东亚文化和学术背景下的森林学科概念的系统化不晚于早期的西方学术体系的确立,其近代化过程与西方林学概念的形成几乎同时,并且较之于西方,更早地找到了符合自身社会环境和地理特征的融合方式,将生态保持和木材需求两方面兼顾。在保持水土、涵养水源、防风固沙、调节气候、消除污染等五个方面,森林生态功能改良措施的系统推行和发展东方比西方更早付诸于实践。

Through reflections on the understanding of the ecological function of forests in the contemporary academic context,this paper illustrates the recognition,formation and the concept of the ecological function development of the forests in contemporary China and Japan accompanied by the“modernization”of East Asia since the mid-19th century.The existing traditional perception system of the ecological function of forests,with its own advantages,was gradually assimilated into the modern academic system,and led to a beneficial exploration with East Asian characteristics.The academic concept of the forestry discipline in East Asia was systemized no later than the establishment of the early academic system in the West,and its modernization synchronized with the formation of the concept of forestry in the West.Besides,the East outpaced the West in finding a proper way of assimilation that matched its social environment and the geographical characteristics.The eastern system balances both ecological preservation and the demand for timber.The systematic promotion and the development of measures to improve the forests’ecological function were practiced earlier in the East,from the perspectives of water and soil conservation,wind breaking and sand stabilization,climate regulation,and pollution elimination.