民国大学与县政建设——以燕京大学汶上实验区为个案的考察

University and County Administration Construction in the Republic of China——A Case Study of Wenshang Experimental Area of Yenching University

1935年燕京大学在山东建立的汶上实验区,是民国时期唯一由大学全面主持的县政建设实验区。在燕大教授张鸿钧的积极筹备下,燕大师生以公务员身份主持县政工作,针对实验区需要,开展了改进县政府、推广新式教育、兴办水利工程等建设活动。与此同时,通过“一面学一面做”的方式,实验区将学生实习、学术研究与地方建设融为一体。燕京大学运用行政力量,较为顺利地克服了地方阻力,在短期内促进了汶上的现代化建设,并构建起一个较为完善的学生实习基地。然而实验区缺乏长远发展规划,加之外力因素,汶上实验仓促结束,以致未能持续彰显成效。

In 1935, Yenching University established Wenshang Experimental Area in Shandong Province, which was the only experimental area of county governance comprehensively presided over by the University in the Republic of China. Under the active preparation of Professor Zhang Hong-jun,Yenching teachers and students presided over County affairs as civil servants. To meet the needs of the experimental area, they mainly focus on the public areas such as government construction, new education, warter conservancy projects. At the same time, through the way of learning while doing, the experimental area closely cooperated with students practice, academic research and local construction. Yenching University had successfully overcome local resistance by using administrative force, promoted the modernization of Wenshang in a short time, and built a perfect student practice base. However, due to the lack of long-term development planning and neglect of training local talents, the Wenshang experiment ended in a hurry, which failed to show sustained results.