浅谈19世纪英国外交官威妥玛的汉语教学方法——以《寻津录》为例

On the Chinese Teaching Method of British Diplomat Thomas Francis Wade in the 19th Century-Taking The Hsin Ching Lu as an Example

为了满足英国使馆翻译生的需求,英国外交官威妥玛于1859年出版了其第一部汉语教材《寻津录》。在语音教学中,坚持声调教学;在词汇教学中,坚持“字本位”为主导原则;在语法教学中,使用词法教学与句法教学相结合。该书不仅对来华使馆翻译生在汉语语音、词汇、语法的学习方面起到重要作用,也对今天我国对外汉语教材编写提供了一定的借鉴意义。

In order to meet the needs of translators from the British Embassy,British diplomat Thomas Francis Wade published his first Chinese textbook The Hsin Ching Lu(or Book of Experiments,being the first of a series of contributions to the study of Chinese)in 1859.In phonetics teaching,he stuck to tones teaching;in vocabulary teaching,he stuck to the principle of“character-based”;in grammar teaching,he used a combination of morphology teaching and syntax teaching.This book not only played an important role in the study of Chinese pronunciation,vocabulary,and grammar for translators from the British Embassy in China,but also provided a certain reference for the compilation of textbooks of Chinese as a second language for foreigners today.