黄河盐碱地区南美白对虾淡化技术研究

Study on Desalination Technology of Penaeus vannamei in the Saline-Alkali Area of the Yellow River

为了促进陕西黄河盐碱地区南美白对虾养殖产业发展,该文采用单因子试验设计,分别对影响南美白对虾淡化效果的温度、养殖密度、免疫增强剂、淡化速度以及水源等因素进行了对比分析。结果表明:在适宜温度范围内,随温度上升南美白对虾淡化成活率逐渐上升,23℃以上有利于提高南美白对虾的淡化成活率;随淡化养殖密度增加,南美白对虾淡化成活率逐渐下降,密度超过150尾/L时,南美白对虾淡化成活率会显著下降(P<0.05);添加黄芪多糖、维生素C以及微生物制剂等免疫增强剂对南美白对虾淡化成活率影响差异不显著(P>0.05);淡化速度对比研究表明,采用较小的淡化速度,或随盐度下降逐步降低淡化速度的分阶段淡化模式可显著提高南美白对虾的淡化成活率(P<0.05),而黄河盐碱水源虽然在淡化前期成活率较高,但后期因pH较高导致氨氮等快速升高会造成南美白对虾淡化虾苗大量死亡。研究结果可为黄河盐碱地区南美白对虾淡化养殖条件优化提供参考依据。

To promote the development of the aquaculture industry of Litopenaeusvannamei in the saline-alkali land of the Yellow River in Shaanxi Province,a single factor experimental design was adopted fortesting.Factors that might affect the desalination effect of Litopenaeusvannamei were compared and analyzed in this study,including temperature,cultivation density,immune enhancers,desalination rate and water sources.The results showed that the desalination survival rate of Litopenaeusvannamei increased gradually with the temperature rising in the suitable temperature range,and it was beneficial to improve the survival rate of Litopenaeusvanname iabove 23℃.With the increase of desalination density,the survival rate of P.vannameidesalination decreased gradually,especially when the density exceeded 150 ind/L,the survival rate of P.vannamei desalination decreased significantly(P<0.05).The supplementation of astragalus polysaccharide,vitamin C and microbial agents had no significant effect on the survival rate of Penaeus vannamei(P>0.05).The comparative study of desalination speed showed that the desalination rate of Litopenaeusvannamei could be significantly increased by using a smaller desalination speed or a step-by-step desalination mode with decreasing salinity(P<0.05).Although the survival rate of it in Yellow River saline water was higher in the early stage of desalination,the rapid increase of ammonia nitrogen due to the high pH in the later stage would cause a large number of deaths of Litopenaeusvannamei larvae.The results provide a basis for the optimization of desalination culture conditions of Litopenaeusvannamei in the saline-alkali area of the Yellow River.