近5年针灸治疗阿尔茨海默病的动物实验研究情况分析

Analysis of Animal Experimental Research on Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease in the Past 5 Years

目的系统分析近5年国内外针灸治疗AD的动物实验研究情况,旨在为以后的实验研究提供参考,并为临床治疗提供依据。方法查阅2015年1月1日至2019年12月31日期间CNKI、PubMed等数据库有关针灸治疗AD的动物实验研究文献,对纳入的文献从动物的选取及模型制备、针灸干预方式及穴位的选取、对照组的设置及疗效对比、检测方法及结局指标的选取等方面进行分析。结果纳入的68篇文献中,多选用雄性APP/PS1双转基因小鼠、SAMP8小鼠、SD大鼠和Wistar大鼠进行研究;主要采用普通针刺、电针、艾灸和普通针刺加艾灸4种干预措施;共涉及穴方20首、穴位27个,多选用百会、肾俞和足三里等穴进行治疗;有21篇文献设置了阳性药物对照组、假针刺组或非穴对照组;检测部位多为海马和皮质;结局指标主要包括行为学指标和生化指标2种,其中共涉及行为学指标14个,如逃避潜伏期、穿越平台次数和目标象限游泳时间等,其检测方法主要为Morris水迷宫;共涉及生化指标118个,如Aβ1-42、Aβ和IL-1β等,其检测方法主要为Western blot、免疫组化和ELISA等。结论目前对针灸治疗AD进行了系统、全面和较为深入的动物实验研究,取得了丰硕的成果,肯定了针灸治疗AD的有效性和安全性。在今后的研究中应加强对不同穴位和不同穴方之间的疗效对比研究,重点关注不同干预时长和不同疗程对针灸疗效的影响,同时要动态把握不同针灸干预方法和不同刺激参数之间的疗效差异,以期更好的指导临床。

Objective To systematically analyze the animal experimental research on acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease(AD)at home and abroad in the past 5 years,and to provide reference for future experimental researches and basis for clinical treatment.Methods The animal experimental research literatures on acupuncture for AD from CNKI and PubMed databases between January 1,2015 and December 31,2019 were reviewed,and the included literatures were analyzed in terms of the selection of animals and model preparation,the selection of acupuncture intervention modalities and acupoints,the setting of control groups and comparison of efficacy,and the selection of testing methods and outcome indicators.Results Among the 68 articles included,male APP/PS1 double transgenic mice,SAMP8 mice,SD rats and Wistar rats were selected for the study;four intervention measures were adopted:ordinary acupuncture,electroacupuncture,moxibustion and ordinary acupuncture plus moxibustion;a total of 20 acupuncture prescriptions and 27 acupoints were involved,and Baihui(DU 20),Shenshu(BL 23)and Zusanli(ST 36)were mainly selected for treatment;positive drug control group,sham acupuncture group or non-acupoint control group were set up in 21 articles;most of the detected sites were hippocampus and cortex;behavioral indicators were mainly detected by Morris water maze,which involved 14 indicators,such as escape latency,times of crossing the platform,target quadrant swimming time and so on;biochemical indicators were mainly detected by Western blot,immunohistochemistry,ELISA,etc,which involved 118 indicators,such as Aβ1-42,Aβ,IL-1βand so on.Conclusion At present,systematic,comprehensive and in-depth animal experimental research on acupuncture treatment of AD has been achieved,and fruitful results have been achieved,affirming the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of AD.In future studies,comparative studies on the efficacy between different acupuncture points and different acupuncture formulas should be strengthened,focusing on the effects of different intervention durations and different treatment courses on the efficacy of acupuncture,and at the same time,the differences in efficacy between different acupuncture intervention methods and different stimulation parameters should be grasped dynamically,with a view to better guiding clinical practice.