郴州市60岁以上城区老人营养知识与饮食行为调查

The Status of Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Behavior Among Urban Old People Over 60 Years Old in Chenzhou City

目的:了解郴州市60岁以上城区老年人营养知识水平及饮食行为,找出影响老年人营养知识水平和饮食行为的因素。方法:通过方便抽样,对湖南省郴州市城区144名60岁以上的老年人基本信息、营养知识、饮食行为进行问卷调查。结果:郴州市城区老人营养知识水平评价得分为(14.26±4.36)分,营养知识知晓率为50.93%。不同文化程度的老年人营养知识水平有显著性差异,小学及以下学历的老人营养知识得分显著低于初中及以上学历的老人(P=0.036)。郴州城区老人的乳制品摄入量不足,每天吃乳制品的老年人仅为10.4%,每天吃乳制品的老人营养知识水平显著高于乳制品摄入不足的老人[(16.73±3.96)vs(13.97±4.32),P=0.019]。此外,被调查居民监测体重的意识不足,仅25%的老年人至少30 d测量1次体重,每30 d称量1次以上体重的老人营养知识得分为(16.03±3.90),高于称量体重频率低于30 d的老人(13.67±4.36),差异具有显著性(P=0.004)。结论:郴州市60岁以上城区老年人掌握营养知识水平尚有待提高,乳制品摄入不足,监测体重的意识欠缺,需要加强社区营养宣传教育,提高老年人的营养素养,从而增加老年人的生活质量,预防营养相关慢性病的发生。

Objective To understand nutritional knowledge and health behavior among urban old people over 60 years old in Chenzhou city,and find its influence factors.Method A questionnaire survey was conducted on basic information,nutritional knowledge,and health behavior in 144 old people in Chenzhou city,Hunan province through convenient sampling.Result Score of nutrition knowledge of urban old people in Chenzhou city was(14.26±4.36),with 50.93%nutrition knowledge awareness rate.There was a significant difference in the nutritional knowledge of the elderly with different educational levels.The olders in or under primary school education level or below had lower nutritional knowledge score than those with junior high school education level(P=0.036).The intake of dairy products for the elderly in Chenzhou city was insufficient,and the elderly who eat dairy products every day were only 10.4%.The nutritional knowledge level of the elderly who eat dairy products every day was significantly higher than that of the elderly who were not adequately consumed by dairy products[(16.73±3.96)vs(13.97±4.32),P=0.019].Besides,the residents investiyated were not awre of weight mollitoring,only 25%of old people measured their body weight once time for at least 30 days.The nutritional knowledge score of those measure their weight every month had a higher score of(16.03±3.90)than those monitor their weight more than 30 days[(13.67±4.36),P=0.004].Conclusion The nutritional knowledge of the elderly over 60 years old in the urban area in Chenzhou city needs to be improved.The old people lack of awareness of monitoring weight and intake of dairy products.Thus,community nutrition education needs to be strengthen to improve the nutrition status and life quality of old people,as well as prevent the nutrition-related chronic diseases.