动宾短语的时态问题在藏文编辑中的处理方法

On Several Difficulties in the Editing and Processing of Tibetan Verb-object Phrase

关于动宾短语方面的理论,藏文文法著作中有详细的论述,许多经典作品亦是按照文法理论如实应用。但由于原始重要理论文献的丢失,以及后世部分文法撰写者的失误,当前出现了个别术语使用混乱和动词时态选用不恰当的现象。文章认为,“词”和“语”的概念不同,应严格按照文法定义使用。当一个动词作为句子成分时,能够与任一名词构成动宾短语时,才可以将它称之为“语”(即动语),否则只能称它为“词”。能否将一个名词称为“语”也是同样的道理;藏文动词未来时态和现在时态并非一定表达未来的动作和现在的动作,而是有更广的应用范围。面对同一个动作,当观察者的注意力转向施动方并着力描述施动者的行为时,用现在时态的动词。当观察者的注意力转向受动方并着力描述受动者的变化时,用未来时态的动词。

The theory of verb-object phrases is discussed very detailed in Tibetan grammar works,and many classic works are also truthfully applied according to grammatical theory.Perhaps due to the loss of the original important theoretical literature and the mistakes of some grammatical narrators in later generations,there are now some confusion in the use of individual terms and inappropriate selection of verb tenses.This thesis points out firstly that the concepts of“word”and“language”are different and they should be used strictly according to the grammatical definition.When a verb is used as a sentence component,it can be called“language”,otherwise it can only be called“word”.Whether a noun can be called“language”is the same.Secondly,the future tense and the present tense of Tibetan verbs do not necessarily express the future action and the present action,but they have a wider range of applications.Facing the same action,when the observer’s attention turns to the agent and focuses on describing the agent’s behavior,the verb in the present tense is used;when the observer’s attention turns to the agent and focuses on describing the agent’s behavioral change,a verb in the future tense is used.