跨语言央元音类型研究

A Cross-Linguistic Study on Central Vowels’ Types

在既往央元音类型研究的基础上对不同语系代表语言中的央元音进行描述,发现既往分类方法并不适用于所有语言,由此提出了基于形态音系层面的央元音分类法,并在该分类法的基础上,进一步解释了不同语言的语言编码和央元音类型之间的关联。研究发现:基于形态音系层面的央元音分类法可以更准确地区分不同语言中的央元音,隐含了语言语素和其语音表现之间的关联,这种关联使得央元音具有不同的表现形式,语素对应单音节的语言中的央元音可以对应实词语素或虚词语素,而语素对应多音节的语言中的央元音基本不具备对应语素的可能;在同一对应关系类型的语言中,央元音的具体功用的不同则是和构词、构形方法存在一定联系。

Based on the previous study on central vowels’ types, this paper describes central vowels in different language families. It is found that the previous classification method is not applicable to all languages. Therefore, a classification method on morpho-phonological level is proposed. With this classification, the relationship between language coding and central vowels’ types within different languages is further explained. The research shows that the morpho-phonological classification method can distinguish the central vowels in different languages more accurately, and implies the correlation between morphemes and their phonetic forms, which enables the central vowels to present different forms: In the language where a morpheme corresponds with a single syllable, the central vowels can correspond with the morphemes of the notional word or form word, while in the language where a morpheme corresponds with multi-syllables, there is no possibility for the central vowels to correspond with the morphemes;Within the languages of the same correlation, the actual function of the central vowels depend on the word-formation and configuration-formation.