棘轮式间歇充种胡麻播种机设计与试验

Design and testing of a ratchet type intermittent seed filling flax seeder

为实现胡麻种植作业中的播量控制,保证胡麻播种均匀性,设计一种棘轮式间歇充种胡麻播种机。该播种机以小型拖拉机为动力源,采用外槽轮式小籽粒排种器,可一次性完成开沟、播种、覆土等作业。分析和确定种箱、排种器、棘轮、开沟器等关键零部件的结构参数,设计一种棘轮控制间歇式充种装置并分析其工作原理。田间试验表明:播种深度合格率为91.2%、播种间距合格率93.5%、总排种量稳定性变异系数5.5%、各行排种一致性2.8%,平均播种深度为40 mm,平均相邻行距为180 mm,漏播率为1.2%,各项技术性能满足胡麻生产种植的农艺技术与对应标准要求。

In order to control the sowing rate and ensure the uniformity of flax planting,a ratchet type intermittent filling flax seeder was designed.The planter uses a small tractor as power source and adopts external groove wheel type small seed metering device,which can complete ditching,sowing,covering soil and other operations at one time.The structural parameters of key parts such as the seed box,seed metering device,furrow opener,and soil covering device were analyzed and determined.A ratchet controlled intermittent seed filling device was designed and its working principle analyzed.The results showed that:the qualified rate of sowing depth was 91.2%,the qualified rate of sowing spacing was 93.5%,the stability coefficient of variation of total seed amount was 5.5%,the consistency of rows was 2.8%,the average sowing depth was 40 mm,the average adjacent row spacing was 180 mm,and the missing sowing rate was 1.2%.The technical performance met the requirements of agronomic technology and corresponding standards for flax production and planting.