颈内静脉穿刺置管术在婴幼儿颈内静脉穿刺中的应用及临床研究新进展

Application and Clinical Research Progress of Internal Jugular Vein Puncture and Catheterization in Infants and Young Children

深静脉置管术在临床上使用相对较多,但是临床上患者选择何种穿刺点缺乏统一标准,主要穿刺点包括:右颈内与锁骨下静脉,而从临床研究来看前者使用略多。颈内静脉穿刺置管术多用于婴幼儿人群中,能帮助患儿迅速开通大静脉通道,便于输液、输血等抢救,亦可动态监测中心静脉压,指导补液量;同时,该方法亦可静脉输注低渗、高渗及刺激性溶液,能完成静脉造影或经静脉的介入治疗。由于婴幼儿年龄较小,进行抢救过程中为了避免反复穿刺,常需要进行颈内静脉穿刺,但是其效果研究较少。因此,该研究将以颈内静脉解剖学特点为起点,分析婴幼儿颈内静脉穿刺置管术选择颈内静脉的原因,探讨颈内静脉置管术在婴幼儿颈内静脉穿刺中的应用,应用过程中的注意事项等,提高婴幼儿治疗效果。

Deep venous catheterization is relatively frequently used in clinical practice,but clinically,there is no uniform standard for the choice of puncture points for patients.The main puncture points include:the right inner neck and subclavian vein,while the former is used slightly more in clinical research.Internal jugular vein puncture catheterization is mostly used in infants and young children.It can help children quickly open large venous channels,which facilitates the rescue of fluids and blood transfusions.It can also dynamically monitor central venous pressure and guide the amount of fluids;at the same time,this method can also be used for intravenous infusion injection of hypotonic,hypertonic and irritating solutions,can complete venography or intravenous interventional therapy.Because infants are young,in order to avoid repeated punctures during the rescue process,internal jugular vein puncture is often needed,but there are few studies on its effect.Therefore,this study will start with the anatomical characteristics of the internal jugular vein,analyze the reasons why the internal jugular vein catheterization in infants and young children choose the internal jugular vein,and explore the application of internal jugular vein catheterization in infants and young children,precautions in the application process,etc.,to improve the therapeutic effect of infants and young children.