山西省家庭农场经营效率及其影响因素分析——以400户家庭农场为例

Analysis of family farm operating efficiency and its influencing factors in Shanxi province:Take 400 family farms as an example

家庭农场经营效率的提升对家庭农场的健康发展至关重要。基于山西省运城市400份家庭农场的调查问卷,运用DEA-Tobit模型测算家庭农场的综合效率,同时分析影响其效率的关键因素。结果显示,山西省家庭农场的综合效率普遍较低,纯技术效率明显低于规模效率,综合效率的提升很大程度上依赖于规模效率的改善;土地经营面积与家庭农场综合效率之间存在“倒U型”的曲线关系,土地规模过大或过小都不利于经营效率的提高;经营者的年龄、农业从业经历、经营权合同年限、政府补贴以及是否借贷款等因素均对经营效率起积极作用,其中是否借贷款对家庭农场经营效益的影响显著;而劳动力投入与是否购买农机作业服务抑制着经营效率。因此完善农村金融市场、拓展农技推广渠道、健全土地流转机制、加强经营者的教育培训等措施将有效提升家庭农场的经营效率。

The improvement of operating efficiency of family farms is crucial to the healthy development of family farms.Based on the questionnaire survey of 400 family farms in Yuncheng city,Shanxi province,this study used DEA-Tobit model to estimate the comprehensive efficiency of family farms,and analyzed the key factors affecting the efficiency.The results show that the comprehensive efficiency of family farms in Shanxi province is generally low,and the pure technical efficiency is obviously lower than the scale efficiency.The improvement of the comprehensive efficiency largely depends on the improvement of the scale efficiency.There is an“inverted U-shaped”curve relationship between land management area and comprehensive efficiency of family farms.Too large or too small land scale is not conducive to the improvement of management efficiency.The operators’age,working experience in agriculture,term of operation right contract,government subsidies,whether to borrow the loans and other factors have a positive effect on the operating efficiency,in which the loan has a significant effect on the operating efficiency of family farms;The labor input and the purchase of farm machinery services restrain the operating efficiency.Therefore,measures such as improving rural financial market,expanding agricultural technology promotion channels,perfecting land transfer mechanismand strengthening the education and training of operators will effectively improve the operating efficiency of family farms.