粤西姑娘歌艺术类属的学理辨析及其现实意义

Theoretical Analysis and Practical Significance of the Art Category of Guniang Song in Western Guangdong

姑娘歌是一种流传在粤西雷州半岛上以“雷州话”表演的曲艺形式。2006年被广东省人民政府批准为第一批省级曲艺类非物质文化遗产(后文简称“非遗”)。姑娘歌有三种演出方式即节目类型,拥有着各自独特的审美功能,最具有曲艺“说唱”叙述表演特征的是“劝世歌”节目,“劝世歌”节目样态呈现的是“说书”类曲艺中“小书”类的艺术特征。从考察姑娘歌的研究现状与创演实践中发现,当下大多民众包括一些论者仍然存在着对姑娘歌艺术类属认知模糊不清并错乱指认的问题,导致姑娘歌的传承保护及创作表演远离了曲艺“说书”的艺术本体。因此,梳理过往对姑娘歌类属的不同认识,并通过辨析其与相关艺术形式如雷歌与雷剧的关联,对有效保护与传承非遗姑娘歌的本真性有着重要作用。

Guniang Song is a kind of folk art performed in"Leizhou dialect"and popular in Leizhou Peninsula of Western Guangdong.In 2006,it was approved as the first batch of provincial folk art intangible cultural heritage by Guangdong people's government(hereinafter referred to as"intangible cultural heritage").There are three kinds of performance styles of Guniang Song(namely program types),each having its own special aesthetic characteristics.However,the program with the most narrative performance characteristics of"rap"is the"Persuasion Song".What the program type of"Persuasion Song"presents is the artistic characteristics of"small-scaled storytelling"type in"storytelling"model.However,through investigating the research status of Guniang Song,as well as the practice of creation and performance,we found that the problem of vague cognition and random identification for the art category of Guniang Song still exists among most people,including some commentators,which results in the fact that the inheritance,protection,creation and performance of Guniang Song is far away from the artistic noumenon of"storytelling".Therefore,this paper plans to sort out the existing different understanding of the category of Guniang Song,and analyze the connection between Guniang Song and the related art forms of Lei Song and Lei Play,which will play an important role in effectively protecting and inheriting the true nature of the intangible cultural heritage Guniang Song.