马克思共同体视域下交往方式的历史演化及现实反思

Historical Evolution and Realistic Reflection of Communication Ways in the Perspective of Marxist Community

马克思的交往概念不仅被视为历史唯物主义理论的重要范畴,而且是马克思主义研究热点之一。马克思认为,在自然共同体中,人的实践活动是一种感性实践活动,其以生产、劳动为基础的交往方式产生于人与自然的对象性活动中,体现了自然关系基础之上的感性交往方式。在资本主义抽象—虚幻共同体中,人与人关系的异化导致了人与人之间的联结在通过以货币为中介的基础上展开,交往方式异化为以资本原则为基础的异化的、抽象的交往方式。在自由人联合共同体中,马克思的“实践价值”概念涵盖了原来劳动价值的内涵成为人的价值的新载体,以人的自由个性为中介的交往方式使人的价值贯穿于实践的各个环节之中,手段与目的实现了统一。当今互联网的迅速发展带来了人与人之间的交往方式的变革,给人的交往提出了挑战。因此,我们应以马克思共同体视角下对人的交往方式的思考为思想坐标,对互联网时代下所建立的新的交往方式进行反思。

Marxist concept of "communication" is not only regarded as an important category of historical materialism theory, but also one of the hot research topics of Marxism. Marx believed that in the natural community, human’s practice is a kind of natural perceptual practice. The communication way based on production and labor comes from the objective activities between human and nature. In the abstract-illusory community of capitalism, the alienation of the human relationship leads to the connection between people developed on the basis of money as the intermediary, and the communication way is alienated and abstract on the basis of "capital principle". In the community of freeman association, Marxsit concept of "practical value" covers the original connotation of labor value, and becomes a new carrier of human value. The ways of communication with human free personality as the intermediary makes human value run through all aspects of practice, and the means and purpose are unified. The communication way, which takes human’s free personality as the medium, makes human’s value run through every part of practice and realizes the unity of means and purpose. Nowadays, the rapid development of the Internet not only changes the way of people communication, but also put forward new challenges. Therefore, it is no doubt helpful for us to reflect on the communication way in the Internet era from the perspective of Marx community.