高校招生“唯分数”:问题、根源与对策

Scores⁃Only Enrollment in Universities:Problems,Causes and Countermeasures

高考是一种高利害的选拔性考试,高考分数具有刚性、可比的独特优点,能够满足社会公众对高考形式公平的诉求。高校招生“唯分数”固守才学本位原则,能够有效选拔人才和抵制人情关系的侵蚀,有利于促进社会流动、维护社会公平,但也存在加剧中学应试教育、学生负担过重、难以考察德行、难以体现创新实践能力、难以精准选拔人才等弊端,高校招生“唯分数”是“两害相权取其轻”的公共选择结果。高校招生“唯分数”是我国作为一个发展中国家举办大规模教育,在人情关系社会中兼顾高校招生形式公平与管理效率的阶段性产物。高校招生“唯分数”问题可从分段推进高校招生使用综合素质评价结果、深化促进全面发展的高考科目与内容改革、加大高校招生录取机制改革等方面着手破解。

College Entrance Examination in China is a high⁃stake selective examination.The scores are rigid and comparable,which satisfy the demand of the public for formal fairness.University“scores⁃only”enrollment is oriented towards talent and learning.The advantage is effective talent selection and resistance of corruption from back⁃door relationships.It is conducive to promoting social mobility and maintaining social fair⁃ness.However,it also has some disadvantages,such as aggravating exam⁃oriented education in middle schools,overburdening students,difficult to examine virtue,difficult to reflect innovation and practice ability,and difficult to select the right talents.It is the result of the public choice of“the lesser of two evils.”The“scores⁃only”enrollment in universities is a phased product of holding large⁃scale education in a developing country like China,and taking into account the fairness of college enrollment forms and the efficiency of management in a society of human relations.The problem of“scores⁃only”enrollment can be solved from three aspects:promoting the use of comprehensive evaluation in small stages,deepening the reform of College Entrance Examination subjects and contents,and increasing the reform of university enrollment mechanism.