城市绿地健康影响机制的理论和实证研究综述

The Mechanism of Urban Green Space Affecting Public Health and its Emotional Progress

城市绿地在营造健康的人居环境方面发挥着重要的作用。大量研究证明了城市绿地和公共健康的相关性,但仅凭相关性分析无法得出因果关系。部分学者提出城市绿地健康影响机制的理论研究并进行了相关的实证研究。如何定量分析城市绿地对公共健康的影响机制值得深入探讨。通过梳理城市绿地健康影响机制的理论基础;采用范围综述的方法分析现有实证研究中的研究方法、研究变量和数据获取,讨论造成研究结果不一致的原因;并从优化研究设计、检验多重理论路径、多维度评估城市绿地特征3方面提出改进实证研究的建议。最后,基于有调节的中介模型和证据综合,提出城市绿地对公共健康的影响机制。以期完善城市绿地如何发挥健康效益的认知,也为城市绿地促进公共健康的循证证据综合提供科学证据。

In response to the health crisis brought about by rapid urbanization,urban green space plays an important role in creating a healthy human settlement environment because of providing a wide range of ecosystem services.The World Health Organization defines public health as"does not only include body health free of diseases,but also contains psychological health,good social adaptation and moral health."Urban green space in this article refers to the land covered by vegetation in the city,which integrates ecological protection,leisure and entertainment,viewing and recreation,cultural heritage and other functions,including man-made landscapes and natural landscapes.At present,in the related research on urban green space and public health,many systematic literature reviews from multiple sciences and cross-fields and their attached original documents comprehensively reveal the short-term and long-term benefits of nature to public health.Some scholars put forward theoretical research on the health impact mechanism of urban green space and conducted relevant empirical research.However,inadequate conversion from theoretical models to statistical models may lead to contradictory conclusions.How to quantitatively analyze the mechanism of urban green space on public health is worthy of in-depth discussion.Therefore,this article explores the gap between the existing theory and empirical research evidence in the health impact mechanism of urban green space from the aspects of research design,method and technology.First of all,this article sorts out the theoretical basis of the health impact mechanism of urban green space,compares and analyzes the health impact mechanism of urban green space proposed by domestic and foreign scholars based on natural health benefits.Secondly,this article adopts the method framework of scope review,analyzes the tested mediators and green space characteristics in the relevant research,summarizes the research methods,research variables and data acquisition in the existing research,and explores the knowledge gap between theoretical and empirical research on the health impact mechanism of urban green space.Finally,this article proposes recommendations for advancing related research from three aspects,including optimizing research design,testing multiple theoretical paths,multi-dimensional evaluation of urban green space characteristics,and further proposing a theoretical model of urban green space affecting public health based on the intermediary effect.Our findings help to improve the understanding of how urban green space can exert health benefits,lay the foundation for the establishment of a full model of urban green space affecting public health,and provide comprehensive scientific and systematic evidence for the evidencebased evidence that urban green space promotes public health.