游牧到定居:呼伦贝尔草原牧民住居模式评价研究

An Evaluation Research on Dwellings of Herdsmen in the Hulunbuir Prairie Based on the Nomadism-to-Settlement Form

蒙古草原的游牧到定居以圆形蒙古包向方形定居住居转变为主要特征。学界如何科学评价定居住居关乎草原传统住居文脉的延续和牧民安居乐业。基于此,以牧民住居为对象,对其进行了定量与定性的量化评价分析。研究发现:一、牧民住居平面布局正在从多元化向单一方向发展,而对此定居住居牧民普遍持有较高满意度;二、传统[蒙古式]室内空间氛围正在向[现代式]方向转变中;三、物理量与质的心理评价尺度间具有线性相关性;四、心理评价与空间物理尺度、住宅性能、行为便利度间具有线性相关性。这一结果对草原定居点建设与实践提供可参考资料。

The nomadism to settlement of Mongolian grassland is mainly characterized by the transformation of round yurt to square settlement.It is important to evaluate the settlement from the perspective of inheritance of traditional residence context and herdsmen’s livelihood.Based on this,the study took the herdsmen’s residence in Hulunbuir area of Inner Mongolia as study object and carried out psychological evaluation,housing performance and life behavior convenience evaluation experiments.Through quantitative and qualitative analysis,the results are as follows.1)Satisfaction of settlement residence is generally high:The average evaluation values of SD psychological experiment,housing performance and life behavior convenience were all in the satisfactory evaluation category.However,the evaluation value of[mobility]is far below the threshold.This shows that herdsmen still long for the mobility of nomadic living space after their transition from nomadism to settlement.In the future residential design practice,how to address the herdsmen’s"space mobility nostalgic phenomenon"is one of the research topics.2)[Mongolian-style]traditional space is transformed to[modern-style]:Transformation from nomadism to settlement and from circular space to square space is transformation process of the sense of space from curve to linear.Herdsmen in pastoral areas have a high degree of identification of this change,which reflects that the[Mongolian-style]traditional living space gradually loses its original feature.3)There is a linear correlation between quantitative and qualitative psychological evaluation scales:The quantitative and qualitative linear relationship analysis of the housing space shows that the softness of space has a strong positive correlation with the charm of space.Therefore,in the internal decoration,through the creation of softness of space,it can enhance its space attraction and aesthetic feeling.In addition,quantitive values such as sense of beauty,color,brightness,quality and height have moderate positive correlation with qualitative values such as lightness,tradition,characteristics,comfort and relaxation.4)There is a correlation between psychological evaluation scale and space physical quantity:The experimental analysis shows that the increase of indoor height increases the sense of spatial stability and linearity,while the increase of indoor building area decreases the space comfort.Therefore,in the practice of residential design and construction in pastoral areas,the higher the indoor height(1.83m-2.58m)is,the more likely to produce a sense of spatial stability.However,it is not advisable to pursue super large building areas,and it should be restricted in certain degree.5)There is a correlation between psychological evaluation scale and housing performance:Evaluation of environmental factors such as[pollution],[dust],[indoor privacy],[beasts and pests]have a weak positive correlation with the brightness of indoor space.6)There is a correlation between psychological evaluation scale and life behavior:Life behavior convenience,such as[belief]and[indoor storage]have a moderate positive correlation with space[coldness and warmth].In practice,it is important to give full consideration to the life behavior and feeling of users in housing space design.In summary,the practice of settlement construction in Mongolian grassland is affected by herdsmen’s unique space psychology,space feeling,housing environment requirements and living behavior convenience.Therefore,it is necessary to further quantity it from the perspective of users,especially for the herdsmen in the transition process from nomadism to settlement.In psychological structure,[○]is a psychological structure with a strong qualitative evaluation,and[□]is a psychological structure with a strong physical evaluation.[○→□]is a psychological structure close to[○].Psychological characteristics of[○]are strongly evaluated as[Mongolian],[comfortable],and[friendly],and nomadism[○]to settlement[□]lowers Mongolian consciousness.[□]has no psychological characteristics.In psychological structure,for factor axis for evaluating the living space[○]is the factor axis for qualitative evaluation,and[□]is the factor axis for physical evaluation,which is predominant.[○→□]is a psychological structure close to[○].