小麦碳氮物质积累转运相关性状与抗旱性的相关性分析

Correlation Analysis of Traits Related to Accumulation and Transportation of Carbon and Nitrogen Materials and Drought Resistance in Wheat

通过分析小麦碳氮物质积累转运相关性状与抗旱性的相关性,为小麦优良抗旱品种的选育提供理论参考。以16个冬小麦品种为试材,在雨养及灌溉条件下种植,分析不同抗旱性小麦花前及花后不同灌浆阶段碳氮物质积累、转运的差异,并对碳氮物质积累、转运相关性状与抗旱性的相关性以及遗传力进行分析。结果表明,干旱对小麦花前及灌浆期间碳氮物质的积累、转运具有较大的影响。2种水分条件下抗旱性强的小麦品种在灌浆中后期的各阶段具有较大的碳氮物质积累量及转运量,花前同化物及花前储备氮对成熟籽粒的贡献率要小于抗旱性弱的品种,无论品种的抗旱性如何成熟籽粒中的氮素都主要来源于花前储备氮的转运;雨养条件下抗旱性强的小麦品种成熟籽粒中的干物质主要来源于灌浆中后期同化物的转运。2种水分条件下,花前、花后20 d到成熟期的各阶段,碳氮物质积累量、转运量与抗旱性的遗传相关及表型相关都达到显著或极显著水平;花前同化物转运对籽粒贡献率与抗旱性之间为显著或极显著的遗传及表型负相关;花后30 d至成熟期转运氮对成熟籽粒贡献率与抗旱指数的遗传相关及表型相关也达到显著或极显著水平。遗传相关系数与遗传力联合分析发现,雨养条件下,花后20 d至成熟期的同化物及氮素的转运量及积累量,花前、花后30 d至成熟期的同化物对成熟籽粒贡献率及同化氮对籽粒贡献率,这些性状对小麦抗旱性的选择效应较高(相对效应绝对值大于0.9000)。在小麦抗旱育种中,应注重对这些碳氮代谢相关性状进行选择与考察。

By analyzing the correlation between wheat carbon and nitrogen accumulation and transportation related traits and drought resistance,it provides a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of excellent drought-resistant wheat varieties.Sixteen winter wheat varieties were planted under rain-fed and irrigated conditions to analyze the differences in carbon and nitrogen transportation and accumulation and related agronomic traits at different grain filling stages before and after anthesis.Further,the correlation between transport-related traits and drought resistance and heritability were also analyzed.The results showed that drought had a significant effect on the accumulation and translocation of carbon and nitrogen at different grain filling stages before and after anthesis of wheat.Compared with the weak drought-resistant wheat varieties,the strong drought-resistant wheat varieties under the two water conditions increased accumulation of carbon and nitrogen and their translocation in the middle and late grain filling stages,but rate of pre-anthesis carbon assimilation and nitrogen storage were less.The dry matter in mature grain of wheat varieties mainly came from the transport of carbon assimilate during the middle and late grain filling stage under rain-fed condition.Under the two water conditions,the highly significant genetic and phenotypic correlation between the carbon and nitrogen accumulation and transportation and drought resistance were observed at before flowering and various stages of 20 d after anthesis to maturity.From 30 d after flowering to maturity,the genetic and phenotypic correlation between the contribution rate of transported nitrogen to mature grains and the drought resistance index were also highly significant.The combined analysis of genetic correlation coefficient and heritability found that under rain-fed conditions,the carbon and nitrogen transportation and accumulation from 20 d after anthesis to the maturity stage,and before anthesis and 30 d after anthesis to the maturity stage contribute to mature grains.These traits had a high selective effect on wheat drought resistance(the absolute value of the relative effect was greater than 0.9000).Therefore,the selection and investigation of these traits related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism should be considered in wheat breeding for drought resistance.