河南义马上石河春秋墓地M43、M48、M66发掘简报

Excavation Report of M43, M48 and M66 in the Cemetery of the Spring and Autumn Period at Shangshihe in Yima, Henan Province

上石河春秋墓地位于河南省义马市南部原上石河村,为配合当地工厂扩建工程,2018年4-8月,河南省文物考古研究院与三门峡市文物考古研究所、义马市文物保护管理所,联合进行了抢救性考古发掘,共清理墓葬125座,其中春秋时期墓葬115座,另有春秋时期马坑7座,共出土铜、陶、玉、石、骨、蚌等各类随葬品2700余件(颗),被确认为三门峡地区除虢国墓地外的另一处春秋时期虢人墓地。本文介绍的3座墓M43、M48、M66,均为长方形竖穴土坑墓,属于春秋早中期中型贵族墓葬,推断M43、M48墓主生前为虢国下大夫一级贵族,M66墓主为士一级贵族。三墓共出土各类器物157件(枚),质地有陶、铜、玉、石等,为研究豫西地区春秋时期的葬制和葬俗提供了宝贵的考古材料。

Shangshihe cemetery of the Spring and Autumn Period is located in former Shangshihe village in the south of Yima, Henan Province. Because of the extension project of the local factory, Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Sanmenxia Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Yima Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics Conservation and Management conducted a rescuing archaeological excavation from April to August in 2018. A total of 125 tombs were excavated, including 115 tombs and 7 horse pits of the Spring and Autumn period and more than 2700 pieces funerary objects of copper, pottery, jade, stone, bone, mussel etc. were unearthed. Therefore, Shangshihe cemetery is confirmed as another cemetery of Guo people in the Spring and Autumn Period in Sanmenxia area besides the tomb of Guo State. The three tombs M43, M48 and M66 in this paper are all rectangular vertical pit tombs, belonging to the middle-sized noble tombs in the early-to-mid Spring and Autumn period. It can be inferred that the occupants of M43 and M48 were aristocrats of the lower senior official class of Guo State, and the occupant of M66 was aristocrat of the scholar-official class. There were 157 artifacts of pottery, copper, jade, stone and so on unearthed from the three tombs, which provided valuable archaeological materials for studying the burial system and customs of the Spring and Autumn Period in western Henan.