齐国“六字刀”铭文及相关问题再论

The Inscriptions of “the Knife with Six Characters” in the State of Qi and Related Issues

"六字刀"是战国时期齐国铸行的一种大刀币,对于该刀币的铭文释读及年代学判断,学界历来争议颇多。目前,"六字刀"主要铭文的释读以"返邦""拓邦"两种说法为主流意见,其时代则大体推定于战国中晚期的齐湣王、襄王之际。从文字学角度来看,"拓邦"说更为合理,但在铭文释读、历史事件关联、解读等方面仍有可补充及进一步讨论之处。包括"六字刀"在内的齐国大刀币铭文均表现出显著的战国文字特色,"拓""邦""长"等刀铭文字也都是非常典型的战国文字。"六字刀"铭文内容与战国时期的齐国若干历史背景可以相关联。"六字刀"反映了齐国中晚期君主励精图治、开疆拓土的进取心态和历史背景,该刀币大致应铸行于齐威、宣、湣诸王时期,威、宣之际尤其值得重视。

"The knife with six characters" is one kind of knife-shaped money cast in the State of Qi in the Warring States period. There have been many controversies on the interpretation of the inscriptions and the judgment of the date. At present, the mainstream points are that the inscriptions can be interpreted as [返邦]("fan bang") or [拓邦]( "tuo bang") and the age can be dated to the reign of the King Min or Xiang of the State of Qi during the mid-to-late Warring States period. From the perspective of philology, the view of "tuo bang" is more reasonable, but it’s necessary to make a further discussion on the interpretations of inscriptions and the relevance of historical events. Including "the knife with six characters" such as [返][邦][长], the inscriptions in this kind of knifeshaped money show the typical characteristics of characters in the Warring States period. The inscriptions of "the knife with six characters" could be related to the historical background of the State of Qi, which show the enterprising mentality of the monarchs of Qi State in the mid-to-late Warring States. The knife-shaped money could be cast and circulated during the reign of King Wei, Xuan and Min, and the period of the King Wei and Xuan deserves more special attention.