1978—2018年中国环境污染的时空特征——基于《人民日报》新闻报道

Spatio-temporal characteristics of environment pollutions of China from 1978 to 2018:A study using news reports from the People’s Daily

利用1978—2018年《人民日报》的2238条环境污染新闻报道,分析了改革开放40年间中国环境污染的时空特征,并初步探讨了其与社会经济发展的关系。通过人工判读,逐条提取新闻报道的环境污染类型、时间与地点,进而通过统计分析,研究发现:(1)1978—2018年中国的环境污染报道经历了3个热点时期,其中前两个时期(20世纪80年代中后期、90年代中后期)关注重点是水污染问题,第三个时期(2015年前后)关注重点兼顾水污染与空气污染。(2)环境污染新闻报道热点地区随时间而变,其中空气污染的热点地区由20世纪80年代的南、北双中心格局,演变成相对分散的格局,再进一步演变成21世纪最初10年以京津冀为中心的格局;水污染的热点地区分布由20世纪80年代相对分散的空间格局,演变成以沿淮四省为中心的格局,进一步变成东、西双中心的格局,至21世纪最初10年重新回归至相对分散的格局。(3)从新闻报道数量的空间分布与主要社会经济指标的相关分析结果,并结合新闻报道内容来看,20世纪80年代的环境污染主要是工业生产排放所致,之后逐渐演变成近年来工业生产排放与生活排放共同导致。

Using 2238 pieces of news for environment pollutions from the People’s Daily,this study analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of environment pollutions of China since the reform and opening up policy started 40 years ago and explored the relationship between environment pollutions and socio-economic development.Based on these news reports,we extracted the categories,dates,and locations of environment pollution events.We found that there were three hotspot periods for the environment pollutions over the period of 1978-2018.During the first two periods(mid-late 1980s and mid-late-1990s,most of news reports focused on water pollution.During the third period(mid-2010s),the news reports paid attention to both water and air pollutions.The spatial distribution of environment pollution hotspots changes from period to period.In the 1980s,the hotspots of air pollution were mainly two centers,namely,south and north centers.In the 1990s and 2000s,the hotspots were scattered.In the 2010s,the hotspots concentrated in one region,i.e.Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.The hotspots of water pollution scattered in the 1980s.Then,they concentrated in the region along the Huaihe River in the 1990s and into two centers in the 2000s,which were east and west centers.In the 2010s,the hotspots scattered again.Based on the correlations between the number of news reports and macro-economy indicators as well as news reports content,the environment pollution in the 1980s was mainly derived from industrial emissions while in recent decades it was derived from both industrial and living emissions.