《红楼梦》诊脉书写的双重渊源与艺术呈现

Origins and Artistic Expression of the Writing of Pulse Diagnosis in Hong Lou Meng

脉诊是中医"望闻问切"四诊中的一环,被认为具有"确乎知始病之源"的重要作用。在古典医学著作和古代小说传统中分别存在着《红楼梦》诊脉书写的渊源,二者叙述目的不同,但在叙事特征上又存在着关联性。诊脉知识在真实诊疗、医案著作以及文学作品中呈现出迥异的面貌,而《红楼梦》之前的小说创作为《红楼梦》诊脉书写提供了叙述技巧上的丰富积累,曹雪芹及其续书作者以此为基础建构起一套诊脉书写的艺术逻辑。《红楼梦》中的诊脉书写呈现出性格隐喻和情节推进两方面的叙事功能,使之成为古代文学作品中诊脉书写的典范之作。

Pulse diagnosis is one of the four diagnosis methods of traditional Chinese medicine,which plays an important role in diagnosing the source of diseases.There are two sources of the writing of pulse diagnosis in Hong Lou Meng(《红楼梦》,A Dream of Red Mansions),that is,classical medical works and ancient novels.Although they are different in narrative purposes,there is relevance in narrative characteristics.The knowledge of pulse diagnosis has different manifestations in real diagnosis and treatment,medical records and literary works.The novels written before A Dream of Red Mansions provided rich narrative skills for the writing of pulse diagnosis.On the basis of them,CAO Xueqin and the author of its sequel constructed a set of artistic logic for the writing of pulse diagnosis.The writing of pulse diagnosis in A Dream of Red Mansions presents the narrative functions of being metaphor for characters and furthering plots,making it a model of the writing of pulse diagnosis in ancient literature.