养分调控对西兰花关键生长指标、抗病性及产量的影响

Influence of Nutrient Regulation on Key Growth Indexes,Disease Resistance and Yield of Broccoli

为通过营养调控提高西蓝花的产量和品质,本研究以西兰花为试验材料,采用田间试验方式,设置4种施肥方案,AF(常规)、CK(减氮增磷钾)、BF(CK基础上增施菌肥)、CF(CK基础上追施水溶肥、微量元素),研究了养分调控对西兰花关键指标、病害发生程度及产量的影响。结果表明:氮肥能显著提高植株株高、株幅、茎粗、茎长、茎叶鲜重;CK处理适当减施氮肥增施磷钾肥可显著降低花球球腐病、霜霉病、黑腐病发病率,促进西兰花花球生长,提高产量,增产率为8.27%。BF处理在合理施用化肥基础上配施微生物菌肥后可显著提升植株长势以及花球重量,同时显著降低病害发生率,增加产量,增产率为13.68%。CF处理在CK的基础上补充钙肥能显著降低西兰花花球球腐病的发生,提高产量,增产率为11.46%。由此可知,冷凉区西兰花生产用肥应适当减施氮肥,增施磷钾肥,配合微生物菌肥,追施钙肥。

To improve the yield and quality of broccoli through nutrient regulation,four different field fertilization treatments were set up,to study the influence of nutrient regulation on key indexes,disease resistance and yield of broccoli.The treatments were AF(common practice),CK(control dosage of nitrogenous fertilizer,phosphatic fertilizer and potash fertilizer),BF(CK added to bacterial manure),and CF(dressing soluble fertilizer and microelement).The results showed that nitrogenous fertilizer increased significantly height,stem diameter,stem length,stem and leaf fresh weight.Reasonable reducing nitrogenous fertilizer and increasing phosphatic fertilizer and potash fertilizer could significantly reduce the incidence of downy mildew and black rot,promote growth of flower head on broccoli.Its increasing rate was 8.27%.Reasonable using chemical fertilizer mixed bacterial manure could significantly promote the growth and weight of flower head,while reduced the incidence of disease.Its increasing rate was 13.68%.Reasonable using chemical fertilizer dressed calcium fertilizer could significantly reduce the incidence of flower head rot,promote yield.Its increasing rate was 11.46%.In conclusion,reasonable reducing nitrogenous fertilizer,increasing phosphatic fertilizer and potash fertilizer,mixing bacterial manure and dressing calcium fertilizer were more efficient on broccoli with open field in the North west Dam of Hebei.