碳中和背景下煤矿区土地生态系统碳源/汇研究进展及其减排对策

Research advances and emission reduction measures in carbon source and sink of land ecosystems in coal mining area under the carbon neutrality

我国是煤炭生产大国和消费大国,梳理和总结国内外有关煤矿区土地生态系统碳源/汇研究,对于我国碳达峰和碳中和目标的实现具有重要意义。本文综述了矿区碳源/汇构成、损毁土地生态系统碳排放、复垦土地生态系统碳固存及矿区减排增汇途径。研究结果表明:矿区碳源包括植被破坏、土壤质地变化产生的碳损失和开采中化石能源使用产生的碳排放,碳汇主要来源于已复垦排土场;矿产资源开发由点—线—面—网逐渐向外扩展,碳排放量大小受经济发展水平、采矿强度、开采规模、开采方式、技术水平等影响;矿区碳固存一般经历4个阶段即原地貌未扰动阶段、开采扰动阶段、采矿后复垦阶段和平衡阶段,碳固存大小受植被类型、复垦措施、土壤理化性质、坡度等影响;矿区通过节约集约利用土地和及时有效的复垦,实现"低排放、高碳汇、高效益"的发展状态。针对煤矿区土地生态系统碳源/汇研究现状,提出未来矿区土地生态系统碳源/汇的研究重点,以期为我国减排增汇研究提供科学依据。

China is a major country of coal production and consumption,it is of great significance to summarize the research on carbon source/sink of land ecosystem in coal mining areas for China to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.The composition of carbon source/sink,carbon emission of damaged land ecosystem,carbon sequestration of reclaimed land ecosystem and ways of emission reduction and increase sink in mining area are discussed.The results show that carbon source of the mining area includes the carbon loss caused by vegetation destruction,soil texture change and the carbon emission caused by the use of fossil energy in mining,carbon sink mainly comes from the reclaimed dump.The development of mineral resources gradually expands outward from point-line-surface-network,and the carbon emission is influenced by the level of economic development,mining intensity,mining scale,mining method,and technical level.Carbon sequestration in mining areas generally goes through four stages,namely,undisturbed stage of original landform,disturbed stage of mining,reclamation stage after mining,and balance stage,which is influenced by vegetation types,reclamation measures,soil physical and chemical properties,and slope.The mining area realizes the development status of“low emission,high carbon sink,and high efficiency”through economical and intensive use of land and land reclamation.Finally,the emphases for carbon source/sink of land ecosystem in coal mining area in the future in China is proposed,which may provide a scientific basis for reduction of carbon emission and enhancement of carbon sink.