疫病中医病名探究

Study on the disease names of epidemic diseases in Chinese medicine

目的:通过梳理中医古籍,对疫病的中医病名进行探究,以发挥中医防治疫病的优势作用。方法:检索中医古籍,构建中医疫病病名数据库,对病名进行分类和总结,探究疫病命名规律。结果:共检索中医古籍文献1 156本,检索出有疫病记载的条目31 786个,涉及病名2 207个。以发病特点命名的689个,以临床特征命名的548个,以发病原因命名的325个,以病症性质命名的171个,以病机特点命名的49个,以病变部位命名的100个,以时令主气命名的108个,以发病季节命名的60个,以人群命名的102个,以种属类别命名的51个,以五运六气命名的19个。结论:根据传染和流行程度是最多的命名方式,能够体现疫病的发病特点;根据临床特征命名是最直观的方式,能够很好地区分疫病;根据病证性质可分为寒性和热性,其中热性的命名较多;涉及病变部位最多的是呼吸系统和消化系统,这与病邪多从口鼻而入有关;五运六气是疫病最早命名方法,目前应用较少,更多是推算邪气的性质和特征。疫病命名方式不是独立的,经常是多种方式相结合命名。对疫病中医病名进行梳理和研究,有利于更好地认识疫病,对于其临床防治具有重要意义。

Objective:To study the disease names of epidemic diseases in Chinese medicine by collating ancient books of Chinese medicine,so as to play the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of diseases.Methods:The database of disease names of epidemic diseases in Chinese medicine was constructed by retrieving ancient books of Chinese medicine and the disease names were classified and summarized to explore the rules of disease naming.Results:A total of 1156 ancient books of Chinese medicine were retrieved,and 31786 entries with epidemic disease were found,involving 2207 names of diseases.Among these disease names,689 were named after the onset characteristics of the disease;548 were named after the clinical characters of diseases;325 were named after the causes of diseases;171 were named after the nature of diseases;49 were named after mechanism of disease;100 were named after the location of diseases;108 were named after the seasonal dominant qi;60 were named after the onset seasons;102 were named after the susceptible population;51 were named after the species category;19 were named after the five-elements motions and six climatic changes.Conclusion:According to the degree of infection and prevalence is the most commonly way of disease naming,which can reflect the onset characteristics of diseases;according to the clinical characteristics is the most intuitive way which can distinguish diseases well;according to the nature of diseases,the names can be divided into cold and hot,among which the hot ones were more;the most involved location of disease are the respiratory system and the digestive system,which is related to the fact that the disease pathogens mostly enter from the mouth and nose;the five-elements motions and six climatic changes is the earliest method of naming for epidemic diseases,which is seldom used now,but more used to calculate the nature and characteristic of the evil qi.The naming of epidemic diseases is not independent,but a combination of many methods.Sorting out and studying the names of epidemic diseases in Chinese medicine is conducive to a better understanding of epidemic diseases and is of great significance for its clinical prevention and treatment.