《梦溪笔谈》对后世本草及用药理论影响刍议

Discussion on the influence of Dream Pool Essays on the theory of materia medica and medication

北宋科学家沈括所著《梦溪笔谈》中至少有90条内容与医药有关,对后世中医药学发展产生积极影响。在本草方面,本书考证了多种药用植物,论述了药物采收时节不应拘泥于二、八月,纠正前代本草著作药物五味之误,指出药物入脏腑乃气味所达,促进了药物归经理论的发展,并记载了多种药物前代未载之毒性。在用药理论方面,本书驳斥《药性论》"味厚为君"观点,指出君药不应固定为一种药物;并提出汤、丸、散等剂型使用应视病情病位而定,煮散剂与汤剂药效有别。沈括的这些观点得到后世医家广泛认可,被《证类本草》《本草纲目》等著作引述,促进了本草与用药理论的发展与传播。

Dream Pool Essays,written by SHEN Kuo,a scientist in the Northern Song dynasty,had 90 items at least related to medicine,which had a positive impact on the development of Chinese medicine in later generations.In the field of materia medica,this book studies and identifies many medicinal plants,discusses that the picking time of drugs should not be restricted to February and August,and corrects the mistake of five flavors of drugs in previous works of materia medica,points out that the smell of drugs entering the viscera is the result of smell,which promotes the development of the theory of channel tropism of drugs,and records the toxicity of a variety of drugs not recorded in the previous generation.In terms of medication theory,this book refutes the view that‘thick taste is the monarch’in the Theory of Medicinal Properties,and points out that monarch herb should not be a definite drug.It is proposed that the use of decoction,pill and powder should be determined according to the disease location of the disease,and the efficacy of boiling powder is different from that of decoction.It also SHEN Kuo’s views were widely recognized by later doctors,and were quoted by Classified Materia Medica and Compendium of Materia Medica,which promoted the development and dissemination of the theory of materia medica and medication.