G蛋白偶联雌激素受体研究进展及在食品功能评价中的应用

Advances in G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor and Its Application in Food Function Evaluation

大量研究结果证明,尽管植物化学物、中草药和植物雌激素类化合物都具有丰富性、多样性,但是在结构和功能上却显示出很多共性——几乎都具有雌激素类功能。研究还发现,大多数植物雌激素类化合物均能与雌激素受体(estrogen receptors,ERs),特别是ERα和ERβ相识别,进一步与核受体超家族形成互作网络,调节细胞核中基因的表达、修饰,从而控制机体的营养和能量代谢以及表观遗传适应。但一个关键的问题是,这些植物雌激素类化合物不仅可以控制慢速的以转录为基础的信号途径,还可以调节快速的以钙离子通道为基础的神经与内分泌信号途径,而后者需要依赖于G蛋白偶联受体(G-protein coupled receptors,GPCRs)。近年来的研究结果发现,GPR30/G蛋白偶联雌激素受体(G-protein coupled estrogen receptor,GPER)就是构成两条信号途径的关键节点,本文将围绕GPER的研究进展及其在食品功能评价等方面的应用进行综述、分析和展望。

A large number of studies have shown that although phytochemical,Chinese herbal medicines and phytoestrogens are abundant and diverse,they show common structural and function characteristics,and almost all of them have estrogenic characteristics.It has also been found that most phytoestrogens and estrogen receptors(ERs),especially ERαand ERβ,can mutually recognize each other and further interact with the nuclear receptor superfamily to regulate gene expression and modification in the nucleus,thus controlling nutrient and energy metabolism as well as epigenetic adaptation.However,it is crucial that these phytoestrogens not only control the slow transcription-based signaling pathways,but also regulate the fast calcium channel-based neural and endocrine signaling pathways.The latter has been known to rely on G-protein coupled receptors(GPCRs).In recent years,it has found that GPR30/G-protein coupled estrogen receptor(GPER)is the key node that constitutes both signaling pathways.This paper summarizes recent progress in research on GPER and its application for evaluating the functional quality of foods,and it presents an outlook on future prospects in this field.