中国与肯尼亚能源电力合作研究

Research on Energy and Power Cooperation between China and Kenya

肯尼亚是中非合作论坛和"一带一路"倡议在非洲的重要落脚点国家,中国与肯尼亚开展能源电力领域的合作具有重要的现实意义。肯尼亚能源资源丰富,特别是可再生能源十分丰富,但受限于投资和技术问题,国内仍以生物质能消费(木柴、木炭的形式)为主,电力短缺现象严重。肯尼亚已将低成本、低碳排放量的绿色能源作为未来优先发展目标,以减少对水力发电和成本高昂的化石燃料发电的依赖。因此,未来中肯能源电力合作的重点应该是地热、风电、燃煤(燃气)电站的开发建设以及核能的开发利用。目前中肯能源电力合作主要以工程总承包和项目投资为主,涉及地热、火电、风电、光伏、输变电线路等。合作中也面临一些问题,如合作机制有待完善提高、融资问题与公共债务风险、政策缺乏连续性、相关法律亟待完善、国际能源竞争日趋激烈等。建议后续可通过创新合作机制、拓宽融资渠道、降低融资成本、推进政策沟通和规划合作、推动肯尼亚能源领域能力建设等方式予以解决。

Kenya is an important African country for the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and the Belt and Road Initiative.It is of great practical significance for China and Kenya to carry out cooperation in the field of energy and power.Kenya is rich in energy resources,especially renewable energy.However,limited by investment and technology,biomass energy consumption(in the form of firewood and charcoal)is still dominant in the country,and the power shortage is serious.Kenya has identified the development of low-cost and low-carbon green energy as a future priority to reduce its reliance on hydropower and costly fossil fuel power generation.Therefore,the future energy and power cooperation between China and Kenya should focus on the development and construction of geothermal,wind power and coal(gas)fired power stations and the development and utilization of nuclear energy.At present,China-Kenya energy and power cooperation mainly focuses on general project contracting and project investment,involving geothermal,thermal power,wind power,photovoltaic,and power transmission and transformation lines.The cooperation also faces some problems,such as the need to improve the cooperation mechanism,the financing problems and public debt risks,the lack of continuity of the policies,the need to improve relevant laws,and the increasingly fierce international energy competition.It is suggested that these problems should be solved by innovating cooperation mechanisms,broadening financing channels,reducing financing costs,promoting policy communication and planning cooperation,and promoting Kenya’s capacity building in the energy sector.