诗中的心史:清初江南遗民诗读解

Heart History in Poems:Textual-Research and Discussion on Poems Created by the Adherents of Ming Dynasty in Jiangnan Area during the Early Qing Dynasty

清初,江南地区的明遗民抱持着对故国旧君的追思悼怀,接续不断地在各类题材的诗歌中宣泄无处排遣的悲伤挣扎心绪。在时事类诗歌中,以韵文形式线性地实录易鼎史实,并呈现出糅合了追忆故明、思恋家乡、感喟时事、省思人生的隐微心迹。在感怀类诗歌中,思绪中的故国记忆与置身清朝的现实处境生成了巨大张力,撕扯着明遗民紧绷且脆弱的神经,以及那无时不在的悲痛。在咏烈女类诗歌中,江南女性毅然殉节与男性的犹疑畏葸形成鲜明对照,彰显了士人品行的臧否取舍。借助诗歌的窗口,可剖解出清初江南地区明遗民群体的易代心史。

During the early Qing dynasty,adherents of Ming dynasty held their mourning of the collapsed motherland and the dead emperor in Jiangnan area,and continued to release their sorrowful sentiments in po⁃ems with various themes.In poems about current affairs,histories of Ming-Qing transition were recorded factu⁃ally and linearly by verses,and cryptic mentalities were presented,including reclaiming collapsed mother⁃land,missing hometown,sighing current affairs,rethinking life and so on.In sentimental poems,there were huge tensions between collapsed motherland's memory and actual plight in the Qing dynasty,breaking the tight and frail nerves of adherents of Ming dynasty,and reflecting the omnipresent griefs.In poems of chanting chaste female,chastity-pursuing death of Jiangnan area's females were in sharp contrast with males'boggle and fear,and showed choices of scholars'character.With the help of the window of poetry,the paper dissects the heart history of adherents of Ming dynasty in Jiangnan area during the early Qing dynasty.