“行藏此意无人解”——入金不仕宋人姚孝锡的仕进理想与人生悲哀

“No One Understands the Intention of Retiring and Becoming an Official”—Yao Xiaoxi Who Chose Not to Be an Official after Entering the Jin Dynasty,His Ideal of Being an Official and His Sorrow in Life

姚孝锡字仲纯,号醉轩,北宋政和四年进士。靖康二年,因雁门失守被迫入金。金人授以五台县主簿之职,但他很快便称疾求退,弃官长达55年。作为一名入金不仕之宋人,尽管“不仕”让他暂时享受了“藏”于耕桑的安闲自适,“入金”却令其恒久地陷入了滞留他国、归期无望的故园之思;尽管他入金后高调摆出绝意仕进的姿态,内心却怀有强烈的报国之念,只不过不是报效金廷,而是报效宋廷。换句话说,眼下的金地之“藏”仅为诗人的权宜之举,他心心念念的乃是有朝一日的故国之“行”。而可悲的是,诗人的这种行藏之意、报国之志,不仅生前无人解会,死后亦无人揭明。

The name of Yao Xiaoxi is“Zhongchun”,with another name“Zuixuan”.In the fourth year of Zhenghe in the Northern Song Dynasty,he passed the imperial examination.In the second year of Jingkang,he was forced to enter the Jin Dynasty because of the fall of Yanmen.As a Song Dynasty man who chose not to be an official after entering the Jin Dynasty,though“not being an official”made him temporarily enjoy the leisure and contentment of“immersing”in farming life,“entering the Jin Dynasty”made him fall into the yearning for his hometown for a long time.Although he entered the Jin Dynasty with a high-profile posture of no longer being an official,he had a strong idea of serving the country,not for the Jin Dynasty,but for the Song Dynasty.In other words,it was only a temporary and expedient plan to choose not to be an official in the Jin Dynasty.His real hope was to return to his hometown one day.But it's sad that no one understood his in⁃tention and thought when he was alive,and no one could point it out even when he died.